在像ArcMap这样的软件中,您可以为多边形内的多边形创建质心。在如下所示的情况下,这是必要的。

R中,可以使用rgeos::gCentroid()计算空间多边形的质心。但是,没有办法强制在多边形内计算质心。

library(rgdal)
library(rgeos)

x <- readWKT("POLYGON ((1441727.5096940901130438 6550163.0046194596216083,
             1150685.2609429201111197 6669225.7427449300885201,
             975398.4520359700545669 6603079.7771196700632572,
             866257.6087542800232768 6401334.5819626096636057,
             836491.9242229099618271 6106985.0349301798269153,
             972091.1537546999752522 5835786.5758665995672345,
             1547561.0546945100650191 5782869.8033663900569081,
             1408654.5268814601004124 5600968.3978968998417258,
             720736.4843787000281736 5663807.0652409195899963,
             598366.4479719599476084 6001151.4899297598749399,
             654590.5187534400029108 6341803.2128998702391982,
             869564.9070355399744585 6784981.1825891500338912,
             1451649.4045378800947219 6788288.4808704098686576,
             1441727.5096940901130438 6550163.0046194596216083))")
plot(x)

这是多边形x
r - 在SpatialPolygon中/内部计算质心-LMLPHP
gCentroid()创建一个质心,在这种特定情况下,质心位于多边形之外。尽管在几何上是正确的,但某些应用程序仍需要多边形内的质心,因为它们可以通过ArcMap计算。
xCent <- gCentroid(x, byid = TRUE)
points(xCent, col = "red", pch = 16)

r - 在SpatialPolygon中/内部计算质心-LMLPHP

所需的输出(来自ArcMap)如下所示:

r - 在SpatialPolygon中/内部计算质心-LMLPHP

是否有可能在R中生成这样的质心?

编辑:

经过一些digging之后,事实证明ArcMap在Polygon中选择了一个随机点:



因此,问题必须是:是否存在一个在多边形内的任意随机位置创建一个点的函数?

最佳答案

sf解决方案

随着sf包的问世,事情变得更容易了。只需使用:

library(sf)
y <- st_as_sf(x) # only necessary when you don't already have an sf object
st_point_on_surface(y)

"returns a point guaranteed to be on the (multi)surface."
sp解决方案

正如课题更新中所指出的那样,ArcMap似乎只是将点放置在多边形内的任意位置。这也可以通过gPointsOnSurface(..., n = 1, type = 'random')实现。
xCent2 <- gPointOnSurface(x, byid = T)
points(xCent2, col = "blue", pch = 16)

我写了这个函数,它首先找到质心,如果它不在质心之内(即它不与多边形重叠/相交),则将质心替换为表面上的一个点。此外,它返回一个新列,该列指示一个点是否为真实质心。
gCentroidWithin <- function(pol) {
  require(rgeos)

  pol$.tmpID <- 1:length(pol)
  # initially create centroid points with gCentroid
  initialCents <- gCentroid(pol, byid = T)

  # add data of the polygons to the centroids
  centsDF <- SpatialPointsDataFrame(initialCents, pol@data)
  centsDF$isCentroid <- TRUE

  # check whether the centroids are actually INSIDE their polygon
  centsInOwnPoly <- sapply(1:length(pol), function(x) {
    gIntersects(pol[x,], centsDF[x, ])
  })

  if(all(centsInOwnPoly) == TRUE){
        return(centsDF)
    }

  else {
    # substitue outside centroids with points INSIDE the polygon
    newPoints <- SpatialPointsDataFrame(gPointOnSurface(pol[!centsInOwnPoly, ],
                                                        byid = T),
                                        pol@data[!centsInOwnPoly,])
    newPoints$isCentroid <- FALSE
    centsDF <- rbind(centsDF[centsInOwnPoly,], newPoints)

    # order the points like their polygon counterpart based on `.tmpID`
    centsDF <- centsDF[order(centsDF$.tmpID),]

    # remove `.tmpID` column
    centsDF@data <- centsDF@data[, - which(names(centsDF@data) == ".tmpID")]

    cat(paste(length(pol), "polygons;", sum(centsInOwnPoly), "actual centroids;",
              sum(!centsInOwnPoly), "Points corrected \n"))

    return(centsDF)
  }

关于r - 在SpatialPolygon中/内部计算质心,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44327994/

10-12 19:22