现在我有一个具有5个基本值的枚举,我希望能够将5个基本值中的任何一个相互组合以形成一个组合值,但是我不希望将一个组合值添加到另一个基本值中。

例如:

enum class Color {
    Red,
    Green,
    Blue,
    White,
    Black
}

Color red = Color::Red;
Color green = Color::Green;
Color yellow = red + green; // Ok; yellow = Color::Yellow (Not sure how I would define this value)
Color orange = yellow + red; // Error; can't add to a combined value

// Note: It would be possible to add the same value to itself
// for example: Color::Red + Color::Red = Color::RedRed

我认为这可能必须更改为带有运算符重载的类,而不是枚举,但是我不确定如何防止将组合值添加到另一个值。

这样做的优雅方法是什么?

最佳答案

我认为不可能完全按照您的要求去做。

我认为您需要两个单独的类ColorPrimaryColor。其中PrimaryColor具有重载的operator+,允许您组合两个PrimaryColor并返回Color
PrimaryColor可以从Color派生而来,因此不需要将它们组合在一起的函数可以一视同仁。

您可能想保护构造函数,否则您的限制很容易被规避。

class PrimaryColor;

class Color {
  int r, g, b;
  explicit Color(int r, int g, int b) : r(r), g(g), b(b) {}
public:
  friend bool operator==(const Color& lhs, const Color& rhs) {
    return lhs.r == rhs.r && lhs.g == rhs.g && lhs.b == rhs.b;
  }

  static Color createYellow() { return Color{1, 1, 0}; }
  static Color createMagenta() { return Color{1, 0, 1}; }
  static Color createCyan() { return Color{0, 1, 1}; }

  friend class PrimaryColor;
  const static PrimaryColor Red;
  const static PrimaryColor Green;
  const static PrimaryColor Blue;
  const static Color Yellow;
  const static Color Magenta;
  const static Color Cyan;
};

class PrimaryColor : public Color {
  explicit PrimaryColor(int r, int g, int b) : Color(r, g, b) {}
public:
  Color operator+(const PrimaryColor& rhs) const {
    return Color(r+rhs.r, g+rhs.g, b+rhs.b);
  }

  static PrimaryColor createRed() { return PrimaryColor{1, 0, 0}; }
  static PrimaryColor createGreen() { return PrimaryColor{0, 1, 0}; }
  static PrimaryColor createBlue() { return PrimaryColor{0, 0, 1}; }
};

const PrimaryColor Color::Red = PrimaryColor::createRed();
const PrimaryColor Color::Green = PrimaryColor::createGreen();
const PrimaryColor Color::Blue = PrimaryColor::createBlue();

const Color Color::Yellow = Color::createYellow();
const Color Color::Magenta = Color::createMagenta();
const Color Color::Cyan = Color::createCyan();

通过在PrimaryColor类中声明静态的ColorColor变量,您将获得与您要求的语法接近的内容:
void func(const Color& c1, const Color& c2);

int main() {
  auto red = Color::Red;
  auto green = Color::Green;
  auto yellow = red + green; // Ok
  assert(yellow == Color::Yellow);

  //auto orange = yellow + red; // Error; can't add to a combined value

  auto redred = Color::Red + Color::Red;

  func(red, yellow);  // Pass a PrimaryColor to a function taking a Color
}

Live demo

编辑:
另外,您可能拥有PrimaryColorHybridColor,它们都源自一个共同的基类Color:
class PrimaryColor;
class HybridColor;

class Color {
protected:
  int r, g, b;
  explicit Color(int r, int g, int b) : r(r), g(g), b(b) {}
public:
  friend bool operator==(const Color& lhs, const Color& rhs) {
    return lhs.r == rhs.r && lhs.g == rhs.g && lhs.b == rhs.b;
  }
  const static PrimaryColor Red;
  const static PrimaryColor Green;
  const static PrimaryColor Blue;
  const static HybridColor Yellow;
  const static HybridColor Magenta;
  const static HybridColor Cyan;
};

class HybridColor : public Color {
  explicit HybridColor(int r, int g, int b) : Color(r, g, b) {}
public:
  friend class PrimaryColor;
  static HybridColor createYellow() { return HybridColor{1, 1, 0}; }
  static HybridColor createMagenta() { return HybridColor{1, 0, 1}; }
  static HybridColor createCyan() { return HybridColor{0, 1, 1}; }
};

class PrimaryColor : public Color {
  explicit PrimaryColor(int r, int g, int b) : Color(r, g, b) {}
public:
  HybridColor operator+(const PrimaryColor& rhs) const {
    return HybridColor(r+rhs.r, g+rhs.g, b+rhs.b);
  }
  static PrimaryColor createRed() { return PrimaryColor{1, 0, 0}; }
  static PrimaryColor createGreen() { return PrimaryColor{0, 1, 0}; }
  static PrimaryColor createBlue() { return PrimaryColor{0, 0, 1}; }
};

const PrimaryColor Color::Red = PrimaryColor::createRed();
const PrimaryColor Color::Green = PrimaryColor::createGreen();
const PrimaryColor Color::Blue = PrimaryColor::createBlue();

const HybridColor Color::Yellow = HybridColor::createYellow();
const HybridColor Color::Magenta = HybridColor::createMagenta();
const HybridColor Color::Cyan = HybridColor::createCyan();

Live demo

10-08 16:52