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Go 系列教程 —— 33. golang中struct、json、map互相转化

结构体生成Json

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package main
 
import (
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
)
 
type IT struct {
    Company string `json:"-"` //此字段不会输出到屏幕
    //Company  string   `json:"company"`       这样打印输出别名首字母就会小写(二次编码)
    Subjects []string `json:"subjects"` //二次编码
    IsOk     bool     `json:",string"`
    Price    float64  `json:",string"`
}
 
func main() {
    //定义一个结构体变量，同时初始化
    s := IT{"itcast", []string{"Golang", "PHP", "Java", "C++"}, true, 666.666}
 
    //编码，根据内容生成json文本
    //buf, err := json.Marshal(s)
    //buf =  {"subjects":["Golang","PHP","Java","C++"],"IsOk":"true","Price":"666.666"}
    buf, err := json.MarshalIndent(s, "", "    ") //格式化编码
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("err = ", err)
        return
    }
 
    fmt.Println("buf = ", string(buf))
}

　　

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//结果
buf =  {
        "subjects": [   //首字母小写
               "Golang",
                "PHP",
                "Java",
                "C++"
        ],
       "IsOk": "true",   //string类型
       "Price": "666.666"
}

　　Json转成结构体

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package main
 
import (
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
)
 
type IT struct {
    Address   string   `json:"address"`
    Languages []string `json:"languages"` //二次编码
    Status    bool     `json:"isok"`
    Price     float64  `json:"price"`
}
 
func main() {
 
    jsonBuf := `
    {
    "address": "北京",
    "languages": [
        "Golang",
        "PHP",
        "Java",
        "Python"
    ],
    "status": true,
    "price": 666.666
}`
 
    var tmp IT                                   //定义一个结构体变量
    err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonBuf), &tmp) //第二个参数要地址传递
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("err = ", err)
        return
    }
    //fmt.Println("tmp = ", tmp)
    fmt.Printf("tmp = %+v\n", tmp)
 
    type IT2 struct {
        Subjects []string `json:"languages"` //二次编码
    }
 
    var tmp2 IT2
    err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonBuf), &tmp2) //第二个参数要地址传递
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("err = ", err)
        return
    }
    fmt.Printf("tmp2 = %+v\n", tmp2)
 
}

　　

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tmp = {Address:北京 Languages:[Golang PHP Java Python] Status:false Price:666.666}
tmp2 = {Subjects:[Golang PHP Java Python]}

　　Map生成Json

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package main
 
import (
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
)
 
func main() {
    //创建一个map
    m := make(map[string]interface{}, 4) //因为类型多，可以用interface空接口
    m["address"] = "北京"
    m["languages"] = []string{"Golang", "PHP", "Java", "Python"}
    m["status"] = true
    m["price"] = 666.666
 
    //编码成json
    //result, err := json.Marshal(m)
    //result =  {"address":"北京","languages":["Golang","PHP","Java","Python"],"price":666.666,"status":true}
    result, err := json.MarshalIndent(m, "", "    ")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("err = ", err)
        return
    }
    fmt.Println("result = ", string(result))
}

　　

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result =  {
        "address": "北京",
        "languages": [
                "Golang",
                "PHP",
                "Java",
                "Python"
        ],
        "price": 666.666,
        "status": true
}

　　Json转化为Map

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package main
 
import (
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
)
 
func main() {
    jsonBuf := `
    {
    "company": "itcast",
    "subjects": [
        "Go",
        "C++",
        "Python",
        "Test"
    ],
    "isok": true,
    "price": 666.666
}`
 
    //创建一个map
    m := make(map[string]interface{}, 4)
 
    err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonBuf), &m) //第二个参数要地址传递
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("err = ", err)
        return
    }
    fmt.Printf("m = %+v\n", m)
 
    //    var str string
    //    str = string(m["company"]) //err， 无法转换
    //    fmt.Println("str = ", str)
 
    var str string
 
    //类型断言, 值，它是value类型
    for key, value := range m {
        //fmt.Printf("%v ============> %v\n", key, value)
        switch data := value.(type) {
        case string:
            str = data
            fmt.Printf("map[%s]的值类型为string, value = %s\n", key, str)
        case bool:
            fmt.Printf("map[%s]的值类型为bool, value = %v\n", key, data)
        case float64:
            fmt.Printf("map[%s]的值类型为float64, value = %f\n", key, data)
        case []string:
            fmt.Printf("map[%s]的值类型为[]string, value = %v\n", key, data)
        case []interface{}:
            fmt.Printf("map[%s]的值类型为[]interface, value = %v\n", key, data)
        }
 
    }
 
}

　　

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map[address]的值类型为string, value = 北京
map[Languages]的值类型为[]interface, value = [Golang PHP Java Python]
map[Status]的值类型为bool, value = true
map[price]的值类型为float64, value = 666.666000

　　[]interface{}转json

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package main
  
import (
    "encoding/json"
    "fmt"
)
func main(){
    var s []interface{}
    s = append(s,5)
    s = append(s,[]string{"Golang", "PHP", "Java", "Python"})
    s = append(s,map[string]string{"hello":"world"})
    result, err := json.MarshalIndent(s, "", "    ")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("err = ", err)
        return
    }
    fmt.Println("result = ", string(result))
}

　　

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result =  [
    5,
    [
        "Golang",
        "PHP",
        "Java",
        "Python"
    ],
    {
        "hello": "world"
    }
]

　　

01-23 10:43
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