我正在使用R从文本中提取包含特定人名的句子，这是一个示例段落：
在蒂宾根（Tübingen）被反对为改革家时，他接受了叔叔约翰·鲁赫林（Johann Reuchlin）推荐的马丁·路德（Martin Luther）致电威登堡大学。 Melanchthon于21岁时成为维滕贝格（Wittenberg）希腊语教授。他研究圣经，尤其是保罗的经文和福音派教义。他曾作为观众参加莱比锡（1519年）的争论，但他的评论参加了会议。约翰·埃克（Johann Eck）抨击了他的观点，梅兰希顿（Melanchthon）根据圣经在他的反抗派约翰·内姆·埃基姆（Johannem Eckium）中的权威回答。
在此简短的段落中，有几个人的名字，例如：
Johann Reuchlin，Melanchthon，Johann Eck。借助openNLP软件包，可以正确提取和识别三个人的名字Martin Luther，Paul和Melanchthon。然后我有两个问题：
如何提取包含这些名称的句子？
由于命名实体识别器的输出不太理想，如果在每个名称（例如[[Johann Reuchlin]]，[[Melanchthon]）上都添加“ [[]]”，那么如何提取包含这些名称表达式[[ A]]，[[B]] ...？
最佳答案
Using `strsplit` and `grep`, first I set made an object `para` which was your paragraph.
toMatch <- c("Martin Luther", "Paul", "Melanchthon")
unlist(strsplit(para,split="\\."))[grep(paste(toMatch, collapse="|"),unlist(strsplit(para,split="\\.")))]
> unlist(strsplit(para,split="\\."))[grep(paste(toMatch, collapse="|"),unlist(strsplit(para,split="\\.")))]
[1] "Opposed as a reformer at Tübingen, he accepted a call to the University of Wittenberg by Martin Luther, recommended by his great-uncle Johann Reuchlin"
[2] " Melanchthon became professor of the Greek language in Wittenberg at the age of 21"
[3] " He studied the Scripture, especially of Paul, and Evangelical doctrine"
[4] " Johann Eck having attacked his views, Melanchthon replied based on the authority of Scripture in his Defensio contra Johannem Eckium"
或更清洁一点：
sentences<-unlist(strsplit(para,split="\\."))
sentences[grep(paste(toMatch, collapse="|"),sentences)]
如果您要查找每个人作为单独返回的句子，则：
toMatch <- c("Martin Luther", "Paul", "Melanchthon")
sentences<-unlist(strsplit(para,split="\\."))
foo<-function(Match){sentences[grep(Match,sentences)]}
lapply(toMatch,foo)
[[1]]
[1] "Opposed as a reformer at Tübingen, he accepted a call to the University of Wittenberg by Martin Luther, recommended by his great-uncle Johann Reuchlin"
[[2]]
[1] " He studied the Scripture, especially of Paul, and Evangelical doctrine"
[[3]]
[1] " Melanchthon became professor of the Greek language in Wittenberg at the age of 21"
[2] " Johann Eck having attacked his views, Melanchthon replied based on the authority of Scripture in his Defensio contra Johannem Eckium"
编辑3：要添加每个人的姓名，请执行以下简单操作：
foo<-function(Match){c(Match,sentences[grep(Match,sentences)])}
编辑4：
并且，如果您想查找包含多个人/地点/事物（单词）的句子，则只需为这两个变量添加一个参数，例如：
toMatch <- c("Martin Luther", "Paul", "Melanchthon","(?=.*Melanchthon)(?=.*Scripture)")
并将
perl更改为TRUE：foo<-function(Match){c(Match,sentences[grep(Match,sentences,perl = T)])}
> lapply(toMatch,foo)
[[1]]
[1] "Martin Luther"
[2] "Opposed as a reformer at Tübingen, he accepted a call to the University of Wittenberg by Martin Luther, recommended by his great-uncle Johann Reuchlin"
[[2]]
[1] "Paul"
[2] " He studied the Scripture, especially of Paul, and Evangelical doctrine"
[[3]]
[1] "Melanchthon"
[2] " Melanchthon became professor of the Greek language in Wittenberg at the age of 21"
[3] " Johann Eck having attacked his views, Melanchthon replied based on the authority of Scripture in his Defensio contra Johannem Eckium"
[[4]]
[1] "(?=.*Melanchthon)(?=.*Scripture)"
[2] " Johann Eck having attacked his views, Melanchthon replied based on the authority of Scripture in his Defensio contra Johannem Eckium"
编辑5：回答您的其他问题：
鉴于：
sentenceR<-"Opposed as a reformer at [[Tübingen]], he accepted a call to the University of [[Wittenberg]] by [[Martin Luther]], recommended by his great-uncle [[Johann Reuchlin]]"
gsub("\\[\\[|\\]\\]", "", regmatches(sentenceR, gregexpr("\\[\\[.*?\\]\\]", sentenceR))[[1]])
将在双括号内给您单词。
> gsub("\\[\\[|\\]\\]", "", regmatches(sentenceR, gregexpr("\\[\\[.*?\\]\\]", sentenceR))[[1]])
[1] "Tübingen" "Wittenberg" "Martin Luther" "Johann Reuchlin"