java - Selenium Webdriver无法在Chrome无头模式下找到元素

我编写了以下脚本来练习Selenium浏览器自动化。它访问Steam的网站并更改您的Steam用户名。如果在没有Chrome的无头模式的情况下运行，则可以完美运行，但如果以options.addArguments("headless")开头，则无法找到第一个元素。代码:

@Test
public void steamPowered() throws IOException {

    System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\Driver\\chromedriver.exe");

    ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
    options.addArguments("--user-data-dir=C://Users/Evan/Downloads/Profile8Aug17");
    options.addArguments("headless");
    options.addArguments("window-size=1200x600");

    ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);

    driver.navigate().to("https://store.steampowered.com/");

    WebElement element = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10))
            .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.id("account_pulldown")));
    element.click();

    element = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10))
            .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"account_dropdown\"]/div/a[4]")));
    element.click();

    element = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10))
            .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.xpath
            ("/html/body/div[1]/div[7]/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/div/div/div/div[3]/div[2]/a/span")));
    element.click();

    element = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10))
            .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.id("personaName")));
    element.clear();
    element.sendKeys(scramble(USERNAME));

    driver.findElement(By.xpath("//span[text()='Save Changes']")).click();

    driver.quit();
}

}

崩溃时的IntelliJ打印输出:

org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException: no such element: Unable to locate
element: {"method":"id","selector":"account_pulldown"}
  (Session info: headless chrome=60.0.3112.90)
  (Driver info: chromedriver=2.31.488763
(092de99f48a300323ecf8c2a4e2e7cab51de5ba8),platform=Windows NT 6.1.7601 SP1
x86_64) (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information)

这是令人困惑的，因为以下代码可以正常工作(从https://medium.com/@eliasnogueira/running-selenium-tests-with-chrome-headless-5edd624efb92粘贴复制)

@Test
public void testExecution() throws IOException {
    System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\Driver\\chromedriver.exe");

    // Add options to Google Chrome. The window-size is important for responsive sites
    ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
    options.addArguments("--user-data-dir=C://Users/Evan/Downloads/Profile8Aug17");
    options.addArguments("headless");
    options.addArguments("window-size=1200x600");

    WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
    driver.get("http://seleniumhq.org");

    // a guarantee that the test was really executed
    assertTrue(driver.findElement(By.id("q")).isDisplayed());

    driver.quit();
}

那我在这里想念什么？我看不到两者之间的任何严重差异。是什么阻止我的脚本在无头模式下查找页面元素？

最佳答案

为了在Java中使用ChromeOptions使用无头镶边，您应该使用--headless，您可以替换为:

options.addArguments("headless");

与:

options.addArguments("--headless");