django-模型之对象关系映射（一）

流程：创建models，通过models创建迁移文件(makemigrations)，通过迁移文件映射到数据库中。

book/models.py

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class Student(models.Model):
    #字段映射，数据库中是male,female，后台显示的是男，女
    choices={
        ('male',"男"),
        ('female','女'),
    }
    #创建数据库中的字段
    name=models.CharField(verbose_name='姓名',max_length=20,unique=True)
    age=models.CharField(verbose_name='年龄',max_length=10)
    gender=models.CharField(verbose_name='性别',max_length=10,choices=choices,default='male')
    is_deleted=models.BooleanField(default=False)
    introduce=models.TextField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    class Meta:
        # verbose_name_plural='新闻'
        # verbose_name="新闻列表"
        #修改排列的顺序，这句是靠id从大到小排序
        ordering=['-id']
        db_table = 'student'

book/admin.py

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Student

# Register your models here.

#在后台显示相关信息
class StudentAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['id','name','age','gender','is_deleted','introduce']

#将模型进行注册
admin.site.register(Student,StudentAdmin)

有了这两个，输入：

python manage.py makemigrations

python manage.py migrate

会在migrations下生成一个文件：

具体内容如下：

from django.db import migrations, models


class Migration(migrations.Migration):

    dependencies = [
        ('book', '0001_initial'),
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.CreateModel(
            name='Student',
            fields=[
                ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
                ('name', models.CharField(max_length=20, unique=True, verbose_name='姓名')),
                ('age', models.CharField(max_length=10, verbose_name='年龄')),
                ('gender', models.CharField(choices=[('male', '男'), ('femal', '女')], max_length=10, verbose_name='性别')),
                ('is_deleted', models.BooleanField(default=False)),
                ('introduce', models.TextField()),
            ],
        ),
        migrations.DeleteModel(
            name='Articles',
        ),
    ]

我们要进入后台管理界面需要设置用户名和密码：

python manage.py createsuperuser

输入用户：admin 密码：12345678 邮箱可以不填

浏览器输入127.0.0.1:8000/admin，输入账号密码后进入到管理界面，

点击students，会有相应表的信息：

最后，我们将数据库里面的内容传到前台页面：

book/views.py

from .models import Student
from django.shortcuts import render
def index(request):
    student_list=Student.objects.all()
    context={
        'students':student_list,
    }
    return render(request,"index.html",context=context)

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>{{title}}</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href={% static 'css/index.css' %}>
</head>
<body>
    {% include 'header.html'%}
    <div class="content">
        <h1>这是主界面</h1>
        {% for student in students %}
        {{student.id}}
        {{student.name}}
        {% endfor %}
        <!--{% block content %}-->
        <!--{% endblock %}-->
    </div>
    {% include 'footer.html'%}
</body>
</html>

最终效果：