一、kuberadm 简介
Kuberadm 作用
Kubeadm 是一个工具，它提供了 kubeadm init 以及 kubeadm join 这两个命令作为快速创建 kubernetes 集群的最佳实践。
kubeadm 通过执行必要的操作来启动和运行一个最小可用的集群。它被故意设计为只关心启动集群，而不是之前的节点准备工作。同样的，诸如安装各种各样值得拥有的插件，例如 Kubernetes Dashboard、监控解决方案以及特定云提供商的插件，这些都不在它负责的范围。
相反，我们期望由一个基于 kubeadm 从更高层设计的更加合适的工具来做这些事情；并且，理想情况下，使用 kubeadm 作为所有部署的基础将会使得创建一个符合期望的集群变得容易。
Kuberadm 功能
- kubeadm init： 启动一个 Kubernetes 主节点
- kubeadm join： 启动一个 Kubernetes 工作节点并且将其加入到集群
- kubeadm upgrade： 更新一个 Kubernetes 集群到新版本
- kubeadm config： 如果使用 v1.7.x 或者更低版本的 kubeadm 初始化集群，您需要对集群做一些配置以便使用 kubeadm upgrade 命令
- kubeadm token： 管理 kubeadm join 使用的令牌
- kubeadm reset： 还原 kubeadm init 或者 kubeadm join 对主机所做的任何更改
- kubeadm version： 打印 kubeadm 版本
- kubeadm alpha： 预览一组可用的新功能以便从社区搜集反馈
功能版本
| Command line UX | GA |
| Implementation | GA |
| Config file API | beta |
| CoreDNS | GA |
| kubeadm alpha subcommands | alpha |
| High availability | alpha |
| DynamicKubeletConfig | alpha |
| Self-hosting | alpha |
二、前期准备
1、虚拟机分配说明
| 192.168.2.10 | — | — | vip |
| 192.168.2.11 | k8s-master-01 | 2C & 2G | master |
| 192.168.2.12 | k8s-master-02 | 2C & 2G | master |
| 192.168.2.13 | k8s-master-03 | 2C & 2G | master |
| 192.168.2.21 | k8s-node-01 | 2c & 4G | node |
| 192.168.2.22 | k8s-node-02 | 2c & 4G | node |
2、各个节点端口占用
- Master 节点
| TCP | Inbound | 6443* | Kubernetes API | server All |
| TCP | Inbound | 2379-2380 | etcd server | client API kube-apiserver, etcd |
| TCP | Inbound | 10250 | Kubelet API | Self, Control plane |
| TCP | Inbound | 10251 | kube-scheduler | Self |
| TCP | Inbound | 10252 | kube-controller-manager | Sel |
- node 节点
| TCP | Inbound | 10250 | Kubelet API | Self, Control plane |
| TCP | Inbound | 30000-32767 | NodePort Services** | All |
3、基础环境设置
Kubernetes 需要一定的环境来保证正常运行，如各个节点时间同步，主机名称解析，关闭防火墙等等。
主机名称解析
分布式系统环境中的多主机通信通常基于主机名称进行，这在 IP 地址存在变化的可能 性时为主机提供了固定的访问人口，因此一般需要有专用的 DNS 服务负责解决各节点主机 不过，考虑到此处部署的是测试集群，因此为了降低系复杂度，这里将基于 hosts 的文件进行主机名称解析。
修改hosts
分别进入不同服务器，进入 /etc/hosts 进行编辑
vim /etc/hosts
加入下面内容：
192.168.2.10 master.k8s.io k8s-vip
192.168.2.11 master01.k8s.io k8s-master-01
192.168.2.12 master02.k8s.io k8s-master-02
192.168.2.13 master03.k8s.io k8s-master-03
192.168.2.21 node01.k8s.io k8s-node-01
192.168.2.22 node02.k8s.io k8s-node-02
修改hostname
分别进入不同的服务器修改 hostname 名称
# 修改 192.168.2.11 服务器
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master-01
# 修改 192.168.2.12 服务器
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master-02
# 修改 192.168.2.13 服务器
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master-03
# 修改 192.168.2.21 服务器
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node-01
# 修改 192.168.2.22 服务器
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-node-02
主机时间同步
将各个服务器的时间同步，并设置开机启动同步时间服务
systemctl start chronyd.service
systemctl enable chronyd.service
关闭防火墙服务
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
关闭并禁用SELinux
# 若当前启用了 SELinux 则需要临时设置其当前状态为 permissive
setenforce 0
# 编辑／etc/sysconfig selinux 文件，以彻底禁用 SELinux
sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
# 查看selinux状态
getenforce
禁用 Swap 设备
kubeadm 默认会预先检当前主机是否禁用了 Swap 设备，并在未用时强制止部署 过程因此，在主机内存资惊充裕的条件下，需要禁用所有的 Swap 设备
# 关闭当前已启用的所有 Swap 设备
swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0
# 编辑 fstab 配置文件，注释掉标识为 Swap 设备的所有行
vi /etc/fstab
设置系统参数
创建 /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf 文件
vim /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
加入下面内容:
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
挂载br_netfilter
modprobe br_netfilter
生效配置文件
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
查看是否生成相关文件
ls /proc/sys/net/bridge
资源配置文件
/etc/security/limits.conf 是 Linux 资源使用配置文件，用来限制用户对系统资源的使用
echo "* soft nofile 65536" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* hard nofile 65536" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* soft nproc 65536" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* hard nproc 65536" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* soft memlock unlimited" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
echo "* hard memlock unlimited" >> /etc/security/limits.conf
安装依赖包以及相关工具
yum install -y epel-release
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 net-tools conntrack-tools wget vim ntpdate libseccomp libtool-ltdl
三、安装Keepalived
- keepalived介绍： 是集群管理中保证集群高可用的一个服务软件，其功能类似于heartbeat，用来防止单点故障
- Keepalived作用： 为haproxy提供vip（192.168.2.10）在三个haproxy实例之间提供主备，降低当其中一个haproxy失效的时对服务的影响。
1、yum安装Keepalived
# 安装keepalived
yum install -y keepalived
2、配置Keepalived
cat <<EOF > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
# 主要是配置故障发生时的通知对象以及机器标识。
global_defs {
# 标识本节点的字条串，通常为 hostname，但不一定非得是 hostname。故障发生时，邮件通知会用到。
router_id LVS_k8s
}
# 用来做健康检查的，当时检查失败时会将 vrrp_instance 的 priority 减少相应的值。
vrrp_script check_haproxy {
script "killall -0 haproxy" #根据进程名称检测进程是否存活
interval 3
weight -2
fall 10
rise 2
}
# rp_instance用来定义对外提供服务的 VIP 区域及其相关属性。
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER #当前节点为MASTER，其他两个节点设置为BACKUP
interface ens33 #改为自己的网卡
virtual_router_id 51
priority 250
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 35f18af7190d51c9f7f78f37300a0cbd
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.2.10 #虚拟ip，即VIP
}
track_script {
check_haproxy
}
}
EOF
配置说明：
- virtual_ipaddress： vip
- track_script： 执行上面定义好的检测的script
- interface： 节点固有IP（非VIP）的网卡，用来发VRRP包。
- virtual_router_id： 取值在0-255之间，用来区分多个instance的VRRP组播
- advert_int： 发VRRP包的时间间隔，即多久进行一次master选举（可以认为是健康查检时间间隔）。
- authentication： 认证区域，认证类型有PASS和HA（IPSEC），推荐使用PASS（密码只识别前8位）。
- state： 可以是MASTER或BACKUP，不过当其他节点keepalived启动时会将priority比较大的节点选举为MASTER，因此该项其实没有实质用途。
- priority： 用来选举master的，要成为master，那么这个选项的值最好高于其他机器50个点，该项取值范围是1-255（在此范围之外会被识别成默认值100）。
3、启动Keepalived
# 设置开机启动
systemctl enable keepalived
# 启动keepalived
systemctl start keepalived
# 查看启动状态
systemctl status keepalived
4、查看网络状态
kepplived 配置中 state 为 MASTER 的节点启动后，查看网络状态，可以看到虚拟IP已经加入到绑定的网卡中
ip address show ens33
四、安装haproxy
1、yum安装haproxy
yum install -y haproxy
2、配置haproxy
cat > /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg << EOF
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global settings
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
# to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will
# need to:
# 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done
# by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
# 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log
# file. A line like the following can be added to
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log
#
log 127.0.0.1 local2
chroot /var/lib/haproxy
pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid
maxconn 4000
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon
# turn on stats unix socket
stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will
# use if not designated in their block
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
defaults
mode http
log global
option httplog
option dontlognull
option http-server-close
option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8
option redispatch
retries 3
timeout http-request 10s
timeout queue 1m
timeout connect 10s
timeout client 1m
timeout server 1m
timeout http-keep-alive 10s
timeout check 10s
maxconn 3000
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# kubernetes apiserver frontend which proxys to the backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
frontend kubernetes-apiserver
mode tcp
bind *:16443
option tcplog
default_backend kubernetes-apiserver
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# round robin balancing between the various backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend kubernetes-apiserver
mode tcp
balance roundrobin
server master01.k8s.io 192.168.2.11:6443 check
server master02.k8s.io 192.168.2.12:6443 check
server master03.k8s.io 192.168.2.13:6443 check
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# collection haproxy statistics message
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
listen stats
bind *:1080
stats auth admin:awesomePassword
stats refresh 5s
stats realm HAProxy\ Statistics
stats uri /admin?stats
EOF
3、启动并检测haproxy
# 设置开机启动
systemctl enable haproxy
# 开启haproxy
systemctl start haproxy
# 查看启动状态
systemctl status haproxy
4、检测haproxy端口
ss -lnt | grep -E "16443|1080"
显示：
五、安装Docker (所有节点)
1、移除之前安装过的Docker
sudo yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-selinux \
docker-engine-selinux \
docker-ce-cli \
docker-engine
查看还有没有存在的docker组件
rpm -qa|grep docker
有则通过命令 yum -y remove XXX 来删除,比如：
yum remove docker-ce-cli
2、配置docker的yum源
下面两个镜像源选择其一即可，由于官方下载速度比较慢，推荐用阿里镜像源
- 阿里镜像源
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
- Docker官方镜像源
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
2、安装Docker：
显示docker-ce所有可安装版本：
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
安装指定docker版本
sudo yum install docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7 -y
设置镜像存储目录
找到大点的挂载的目录进行存储
# 修改docker配置
vi /lib/systemd/system/docker.service
找到这行，王后面加上存储目录，例如这里是 --graph /apps/docker
ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker --graph /apps/docker
启动docker并设置docker开机启动
systemctl enable docker
systemctl start docker
确认一下iptables
确认一下iptables filter表中FOWARD链的默认策略(pllicy)为ACCEPT。
iptables -nvL
显示：
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
0 0 DOCKER-USER all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-1 all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 ACCEPT all -- * docker0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
0 0 DOCKER all -- * docker0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 ACCEPT all -- docker0 !docker0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
0 0 ACCEPT all -- docker0 docker0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
六、安装kubeadm、kubelet
1、配置可用的国内yum源用于安装：
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
2、安装kubelet
需要在每台机器上都安装以下的软件包：
- kubeadm: 用来初始化集群的指令。
- kubelet: 在集群中的每个节点上用来启动 pod 和 container 等。
- kubectl: 用来与集群通信的命令行工具。
查看kubelet版本列表
yum list kubelet --showduplicates | sort -r
安装kubelet
yum install -y kubelet-1.13.4-0
启动kubelet并设置开机启动
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl start kubelet
检查状态
检查状态,发现是failed状态，正常，kubelet会10秒重启一次，等初始化master节点后即可正常
systemctl status kubelet
3、安装kubeadm
查看kubeadm版本列表
yum list kubeadm --showduplicates | sort -r
安装kubeadm
yum install -y kubeadm-1.13.4-0
4、重启服务器
为了防止发生某些未知错误，这里我们重启下服务器，方便进行后续操作
reboot
七、初始化第一个kubernetes master节点
因为需要绑定虚拟IP，所以需要首先先查看虚拟IP启动这几台master机子哪台上
ip address show ens33
显示：
ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:7e:65:b3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.2.11/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.2.10/32 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
可以看到 10虚拟ip 和 11的ip 在一台机子上，所以初始化kubernetes第一个master要在master01机子上进行安装
1、创建kubeadm配置的yaml文件
cat > kubeadm-config.yaml << EOF
apiServer:
certSANs:
- k8s-master-01
- k8s-master-02
- k8s-master-03
- master.k8s.io
- 192.168.2.10
- 192.168.2.11
- 192.168.2.12
- 192.168.2.13
- 127.0.0.1
extraArgs:
authorization-mode: Node,RBAC
timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta1
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controlPlaneEndpoint: "master.k8s.io:16443"
controllerManager: {}
dns:
type: CoreDNS
etcd:
local:
dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.13.4
networking:
dnsDomain: cluster.local
podSubnet: 10.20.0.0/16
serviceSubnet: 10.10.0.0/16
scheduler: {}
EOF
以下两个地方设置： - certSANs： 虚拟ip地址（为了安全起见，把所有集群地址都加上） - controlPlaneEndpoint： 虚拟IP:监控端口号
配置说明：
- imageRepository： registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers (使用阿里云镜像仓库)
- podSubnet： 10.20.0.0/16 (pod地址池)
- serviceSubnet： 10.10.0.0/16
#service地址池
2、初始化第一个master节点
kubeadm init --config kubeadm-config.yaml
日志：
Your Kubernetes master has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
You can now join any number of machines by running the following on each node
as root:
kubeadm join master.k8s.io:16443 --token dm3cw1.kw4hq84ie1376hji --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:f079b624773145ba714b56e177f52143f90f75a1dcebabda6538a49e224d4009
在此处看日志可以知道，通过
kubeadm join master.k8s.io:16443 --token dm3cw1.kw4hq84ie1376hji --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:f079b624773145ba714b56e177f52143f90f75a1dcebabda6538a49e224d4009
来让节点加入集群
3、配置kubectl环境变量
配置环境变量
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
4、查看组件状态
kubectl get cs
显示：
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
controller-manager Healthy ok
scheduler Healthy ok
etcd-0 Healthy {"health": "true"}
查看pod状态
kubectl get pods --namespace=kube-system
显示：
可以看到coredns没有启动，这是由于还没有配置网络插件，接下来配置下后再重新查看启动状态
八、安装网络插件
1、配置flannel插件的yaml文件
cat > kube-flannel.yaml << EOF
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/status
verbs:
- patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: flannel
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
data:
cni-conf.json: |
{
"name": "cbr0",
"plugins": [
{
"type": "flannel",
"delegate": {
"hairpinMode": true,
"isDefaultGateway": true
}
},
{
"type": "portmap",
"capabilities": {
"portMappings": true
}
}
]
}
net-conf.json: |
{
"Network": "10.20.0.0/16",
"Backend": {
"Type": "vxlan"
}
}
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
hostNetwork: true
nodeSelector:
beta.kubernetes.io/arch: amd64
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/cp_m/flannel:v0.10.0-amd64
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/cp_m/flannel:v0.10.0-amd64
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: true
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
EOF
2、创建flanner相关role和pod
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yaml
等待一会时间，再次查看各个pods的状态
kubectl get pods --namespace=kube-system
显示：
可以看到coredns已经启动
九、加入集群
1、Master加入集群构成高可用
复制秘钥到各个节点
在master01 服务器上执行下面命令，将kubernetes相关文件复制到 master02、master03
- 复制文件到 master02
ssh [email protected] mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd
scp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf [email protected]:/etc/kubernetes
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/{ca.*,sa.*,front-proxy-ca.*} [email protected]:/etc/kubernetes/pki
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.* [email protected]:/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd
- 复制文件到 master03
ssh [email protected] mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd
scp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf [email protected]:/etc/kubernetes
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/{ca.*,sa.*,front-proxy-ca.*} [email protected]:/etc/kubernetes/pki
scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.* [email protected]:/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd
- master节点加入集群
master02 和 master03 服务器上都执行加入集群操作
kubeadm join master.k8s.io:16443 --token dm3cw1.kw4hq84ie1376hji --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:f079b624773145ba714b56e177f52143f90f75a1dcebabda6538a49e224d4009 --experimental-control-plane
显示安装过程:
......
This node has joined the cluster and a new control plane instance was created:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and approval was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.
* Master label and taint were applied to the new node.
* The Kubernetes control plane instances scaled up.
* A new etcd member was added to the local/stacked etcd cluster.
To start administering your cluster from this node, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
Run 'kubectl get nodes' to see this node join the cluster.
- 配置kubectl环境变量
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
2、node节点加入集群
除了让master节点加入集群组成高可用外，slave节点也要加入集群中。
这里将k8s-node-01、k8s-node-02加入集群，进行工作
输入初始化k8s master时候提示的加入命令，如下：
kubeadm join master.k8s.io:16443 --token dm3cw1.kw4hq84ie1376hji --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:f079b624773145ba714b56e177f52143f90f75a1dcebabda6538a49e224d4009
3、如果忘记加入集群的token和sha256 (如正常则跳过)
- 显示获取token列表
kubeadm token list
默认情况下 Token 过期是时间是24小时，如果 Token 过期以后，可以输入以下命令，生成新的 Token
kubeadm token create
- 获取ca证书sha256编码hash值
openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null | openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | sed 's/^.* //'
- 拼接命令
kubeadm join master.k8s.io:16443 --token 882ik4.9ib2kb0eftvuhb58 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:0b1a836894d930c8558b350feeac8210c85c9d35b6d91fde202b870f3244016a
4、查看各个节点加入集群情况
kubectl get nodes -o wide
显示：
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION INTERNAL-IP EXTERNAL-IP OS-IMAGE KERNEL-VERSION CONTAINER-RUNTIME
k8s-master-01 Ready master 12m v1.13.4 192.168.2.11 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 3.10.0-957.1.3.el7.x86_64 docker://18.6.1
k8s-master-02 Ready master 10m v1.13.4 192.168.2.12 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 3.10.0-957.1.3.el7.x86_64 docker://18.6.1
k8s-master-03 Ready master 38m v1.13.4 192.168.2.13 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 3.10.0-957.1.3.el7.x86_64 docker://18.6.1
k8s-node-01 Ready <none> 68s v1.13.4 192.168.2.21 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 3.10.0-957.1.3.el7.x86_64 docker://18.6.1
k8s-node-02 Ready <none> 61s v1.13.4 192.168.2.22 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 3.10.0-957.1.3.el7.x86_64 docker://18.6.1
十、从集群中删除 Node
- Master节点：
kubectl drain <node name> --delete-local-data --force --ignore-daemonsets
kubectl delete node <node name>
- slave节点
kubeadm reset
十一、配置dashboard
这个在一个服务器上部署，其他服务器会复制这个部署的pod，所以这里在master01服务器上部署 dashboard
1、创建 dashboard.yaml 并启动
# ------------------- Dashboard Secret ------------------- #
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
namespace: kube-system
type: Opaque
---
# ------------------- Dashboard Service Account ------------------- #
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
---
# ------------------- Dashboard Role & Role Binding ------------------- #
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
namespace: kube-system
rules:
# Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder' secret.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["secrets"]
verbs: ["create"]
# Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["configmaps"]
verbs: ["create"]
# Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["secrets"]
resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs"]
verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
# Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["configmaps"]
resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
verbs: ["get", "update"]
# Allow Dashboard to get metrics from heapster.
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["services"]
resourceNames: ["heapster"]
verbs: ["proxy"]
- apiGroups: [""]
resources: ["services/proxy"]
resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:"]
verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: Role
name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
---
# ------------------- Dashboard Deployment ------------------- #
# 1.修改了镜像仓库位置，编辑成自己的镜像仓库
# 2.变更了镜像拉去策略imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
spec:
replicas: 1
revisionHistoryLimit: 10
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
containers:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard
image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- containerPort: 8443
protocol: TCP
args:
- --auto-generate-certificates
# Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
# If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
# to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
# - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
volumeMounts:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
mountPath: /certs
# Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
- mountPath: /tmp
name: tmp-volume
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
scheme: HTTPS
path: /
port: 8443
initialDelaySeconds: 30
timeoutSeconds: 30
volumes:
- name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
secret:
secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
- name: tmp-volume
emptyDir: {}
serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
# Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
---
# ------------------- Dashboard Service ------------------- #
# 增加了nodePort，使得能够访问,改变默认的type类型ClusterIP，变为NodePort
# 如果不配置的话默认只能集群内访问
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
name: kubernetes-dashboard
namespace: kube-system
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 443
targetPort: 8443
nodePort: 30001
selector:
k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
运行 dashboard
kubectl create -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
2、Dashboard 创建 ServiceAccount 并绑定 Admin 角色
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: admin
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
roleRef:
kind: ClusterRole
name: cluster-admin
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: admin
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: admin
namespace: kube-system
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
运行dashboard的用户和角色绑定
kubectl create -f dashboard-user-role.yaml
获取登陆token
kubectl describe secret/$(kubectl get secret -n kube-system |grep admin|awk '{print $1}') -n kube-system
显示：
[root@k8s-master-01 local]# kubectl describe secret/$(kubectl get secret -nkube-system |grep admin|awk '{print $1}') -nkube-system
Name: admin-token-2mfdz
Namespace: kube-system
Labels: <none>
Annotations: kubernetes.io/service-account.name: admin
kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 74efd994-38d8-11e9-8740-000c299624e4
Type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
Data
====
ca.crt: 1025 bytes
namespace: 11 bytes
token:
eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJrdWJlLXN5c3RlbSIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VjcmV0Lm5hbWUiOiJhZG1pbi10b2tlbi1qdjd4ayIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50Lm5hbWUiOiJhZG1pbiIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VydmljZS1hY2NvdW50LnVpZCI6ImM4ZTMxYzk0LTQ2MWEtMTFlOS1iY2M5LTAwMGMyOTEzYzUxZCIsInN1YiI6InN5c3RlbTpzZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudDprdWJlLXN5c3RlbTphZG1pbiJ9.TNw1iFEsZmJsVG4cki8iLtEoiY1pjpnOYm8ZIFjctpBdTOw6kUMvv2b2B2BJ_5rFle31gqGAZBIRyYj9LPAs06qT5uVP_l9o7IyFX4HToBF3veiun4e71822eQRUsgqiPh5uSjKXEkf9yGq9ujiCdtzFxnp3Pnpeuge73syuwd7J6F0-dJAp3b48MLZ1JJwEo6CTCMhm9buysycUYTbT_mUDQMNrHVH0868CdN_H8azA4PdLLLrFfTiVgoGu4c3sG5rgh9kKFqZA6dzV0Kq10W5JJwJRM1808ybLHyV9jfKN8N2_lZ7ehE6PbPU0cV-PyP74iA-HrzFW1yVwSLPVYA
3、运行dashboard并登陆
输入地址：https://192.168.2.10:30001 进入 dashboard 界面
这里输入上面获取的 token 进入 dashboard
问题
1、Master不会参与负载工作
Master不会参与负载工作，如何让其参加，这里需要了解traint
查看traint
# 查看全部节点是否能被安排工作
kubectl describe nodes | grep -E '(Roles|Taints)'
删除traint
# 所有node都可以调度
kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/master-
# 指定node可以调度
kubectl taint nodes k8s-master-01 node-role.kubernetes.io/master-
2、重新加入集群
有时候节点出现问题需要重新加入集群，加入前需要清除一些设置，不然可能出现某些错误，比如
network is not ready: [runtime network not ready: NetworkReady=false reason:NetworkPluginNotReady message:docker: network plugin is not ready: cni config uninitialized]
Back-off restarting failed container
按下面步骤执行，再执行加入集群命令即可
#重置kubernetes服务，重置网络。删除网络配置，link
kubeadm reset
#重启kubelet
systemctl stop kubelet
#停止docker
systemctl stop docker
#重置cni
rm -rf /var/lib/cni/
rm -rf /var/lib/kubelet/*
rm -rf /etc/cni/
ifconfig cni0 down
ifconfig flannel.1 down
ifconfig docker0 down
ip link delete cni0
ip link delete flannel.1
#重启docker
systemctl start docker
再次加入集群
kubeadm join cluster.kube.com:16443 --token gaeyou.k2650x660c8eb98c --discovery-token-ca