集合:可变的数据类型,他里面的元素必须是不可变的数据类型
特点:1、无序
2、不重复
1、set定义
# 使用set定义 set1 = set({1, 2, 3}) # 直接使用括号定义 set1 = {1, 2, 3} # 空集合定义方式,直接写{}会定义成字典 set1 = set({}) print(set1, type(set1)) # set()空集合结果显示为set(),空字典显示为{}
错误示范:
# 因为列表、字典是可变数据类型,报错 # TypeError: unhashable type: 'list' set2 = {1, 2, 3, [2, 3], {'name': 'alex'}} print(set2, type(set2))
2、增
set1.add('Gigi') # Gigi做为一个元素增加 print(set1) set1.update('abc') # 拆分为最小元素,添加到集合{'b', 'beer', 'a', 'c'....} print(set1)
update类似list的extend
3、删
print(set1.pop()) # 随机删除,本返回值 print(set1) set1.remove('beer') # 按照元素删除 print(set1) set1.clear() # 清空集合 print(set1) # set() del set1 # 从内存中删除,删除后set1不存在 print(set1)
4、查
for i in set1: print(i)
5、集合的操作
# 交集,set1和set2所共有 set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} set2 = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8} set3 = set1 & set2 print(set3) print(set1.intersection(set2)) # 合集,set1和set2全部元素的集合 set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} set2 = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8} print(set1 | set2) print(set1.union(set2)) # 反交集,set1和set2不共有的元素 set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} set2 = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8} print(set1 ^ set2) print(set1.symmetric_difference(set2)) # 差集,set1有,而set2没有 set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} set2 = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8} print(set1 - set2) print(set1.difference(set2)) # 子集,set1的所有元素是不是在set2中,是返回True set1 = {1, 2, 3} set2 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} print(set1 < set2) print(set1.issubset(set2)) # 超级,set2是否包含set1的所有元素,是返回True print(set2 > set1) print(set2.issuperset(set1))
6、冻结集合
set2 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} s = frozenset(set2) print(s, type(s)) print(s, type(s)) print(s, type(s)) print(s, type(s)) # frozenset({1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}) <class 'frozenset'>
frozenset方法,使集合冻结。冻结后,顺序不会发生改变,类型为:<class 'frozenset'>