对象解构:
对象的属性没有次序,变量必须与属性同名,才能取到正确的值。
let {a, b} = {a: 'aaaa', b: 'bbbb'} // a='aaaa' b='bbbb' let obj = {d: 'aaaa', e: {f: 'bbbb'}} let {d, e:{f}} = obj // 嵌套解构 d='aaaa' f='bbbb' let g; (g = {g: 'aaaa'}) // 以声明变量解构 g='aaaa' let [h, i, j, k] = 'nice' // 字符串解构 h='n' i='i' j='c' k='e'
如果变量名与属性名不一致,那必须写成这样
var {foo:baz} = {foo:'aaa'} // baz ='aaa'
对象的解构赋值也可以指定默认值,默认值的生效条件是,对象的属性值严格等于undefined
var {x=3} = {x:undefined} x //3 var {x=3} = {x:null} x //null
数组解构:
这种写法属于“模式匹配”,只要等号两边的模式相同,左边的变量就会被赋予对应的值。
let [a, b, c] = [1, 2, 3] // a=1, b=2, c=3 let [d, [e], f] = [1, [2], 3] // 嵌套数组解构 d=1, e=2, f=3 let [g, ...h] = [1, 2, 3] // 数组拆分 g=1, h=[2, 3] let [i,,j] = [1, 2, 3] // 不连续解构 i=1, j=3 let [k,l] = [1, 2, 3] // 不完全解构 k=1, l=2 let [x,y,z] = ['a'] // 不成功解构 x='a', y= undefined,z=undefined
给变量赋值:
es5对变量赋值
var data = {userName: 'aaaa', password: 123456} var userName = data.userName var password = data.password console.log(userName) console.log(password) var data1 = ['aaaa', 123456] var userName1 = data1[0] var password1 = data1[1] console.log(userName1) console.log(password1)
解构赋值
const {userName, password} = {userName: 'aaaa', password: 123456} console.log(userName) console.log(password) const [userName1, password1] = ['aaaa', 123456] console.log(userName1) console.log(password1)
函数参数的定义:
一般我们在定义函数的时候,如果函数有多个参数时,在es5语法中函数调用时参数必须一一对应,否则就会出现赋值错误的情况
function personInfo(name, age, address, gender) { console.log(name, age, address, gender) } personInfo('william', 18, 'changsha', 'man')
上面这个例子在对用户信息的时候需要传递四个参数,且需要一一对应,这样就会极易出现参数顺序传错的情况,从而导致bug,接下来来看es6解构赋值是怎么解决这个问题的:
function personInfo({name, age, address, gender}) { console.log(name, age, address, gender) } personInfo({gender: 'man', address: 'changsha', name: 'william', age: 18})