python - 在FTP服务器上扩展Python的os.walk函数

如何使os.walk遍历FTP数据库(位于远程服务器上)的目录树？现在，代码的结构方式为(提供注释):

import fnmatch, os, ftplib

def find(pattern, startdir=os.curdir): #find function taking variables for both desired file and the starting directory
    for (thisDir, subsHere, filesHere) in os.walk(startdir): #each of the variables change as the directory tree is walked
        for name in subsHere + filesHere: #going through all of the files and subdirectories
            if fnmatch.fnmatch(name, pattern): #if the name of one of the files or subs is the same as the inputted name
                fullpath = os.path.join(thisDir, name) #fullpath equals the concatenation of the directory and the name
                yield fullpath #return fullpath but anew each time

def findlist(pattern, startdir = os.curdir, dosort=False):
    matches = list(find(pattern, startdir)) #find with arguments pattern and startdir put into a list data structure
    if dosort: matches.sort() #isn't dosort automatically False? Is this statement any different from the same thing but with a line in between
    return matches

#def ftp(
#specifying where to search.

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys
    namepattern, startdir = sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2]
    for name in find(namepattern, startdir): print (name)

我在想我需要定义一个新函数(即def ftp())将此功能添加到上面的代码中。但是，恐怕os.walk函数默认情况下只会在运行代码的计算机的目录树中移动。

有没有一种方法可以扩展os.walk的功能，使其能够遍历远程目录树(通过FTP)？

最佳答案

您所需要的只是利用python的ftplib模块。由于os.walk()基于广度优先搜索算法，因此您需要在每次迭代时查找目录和文件名，然后从第一个目录递归继续遍历。大约2年前，我实现了this algorithm的实现，以用作FTPwalker的心脏，它是通过FTP遍历超大型目录树的最佳软件包。

from os import path as ospath


class FTPWalk:
    """
    This class is contain corresponding functions for traversing the FTP
    servers using BFS algorithm.
    """
    def __init__(self, connection):
        self.connection = connection

    def listdir(self, _path):
        """
        return files and directory names within a path (directory)
        """

        file_list, dirs, nondirs = [], [], []
        try:
            self.connection.cwd(_path)
        except Exception as exp:
            print ("the current path is : ", self.connection.pwd(), exp.__str__(),_path)
            return [], []
        else:
            self.connection.retrlines('LIST', lambda x: file_list.append(x.split()))
            for info in file_list:
                ls_type, name = info[0], info[-1]
                if ls_type.startswith('d'):
                    dirs.append(name)
                else:
                    nondirs.append(name)
            return dirs, nondirs

    def walk(self, path='/'):
        """
        Walk through FTP server's directory tree, based on a BFS algorithm.
        """
        dirs, nondirs = self.listdir(path)
        yield path, dirs, nondirs
        for name in dirs:
            path = ospath.join(path, name)
            yield from self.walk(path)
            # In python2 use:
            # for path, dirs, nondirs in self.walk(path):
            #     yield path, dirs, nondirs
            self.connection.cwd('..')
            path = ospath.dirname(path)

现在，使用此类，您可以使用ftplib模块简单地创建一个连接对象，并将该对象传递给FTPWalk对象，然后循环遍历walk()函数:

In [2]: from test import FTPWalk

In [3]: import ftplib

In [4]: connection = ftplib.FTP("ftp.uniprot.org")

In [5]: connection.login()
Out[5]: '230 Login successful.'

In [6]: ftpwalk = FTPWalk(connection)

In [7]: for i in ftpwalk.walk():
            print(i)
   ...:
('/', ['pub'], [])
('/pub', ['databases'], ['robots.txt'])
('/pub/databases', ['uniprot'], [])
('/pub/databases/uniprot', ['current_release', 'previous_releases'], ['LICENSE', 'current_release/README', 'current_release/knowledgebase/complete', 'previous_releases/', 'current_release/relnotes.txt', 'current_release/uniref'])
('/pub/databases/uniprot/current_release', ['decoy', 'knowledgebase', 'rdf', 'uniparc', 'uniref'], ['README', 'RELEASE.metalink', 'changes.html', 'news.html', 'relnotes.txt'])
...
...
...

关于python - 在FTP服务器上扩展Python的os.walk函数，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/31465199/