regex - 正则表达式在Golang中命名组

我需要将正则表达式与golang集成的帮助。
我想解析日志文件并创建一个正则表达式，它在https://regex101.com/r/p4mbiS/1/上看起来还不错
一条日志行如下所示:

57.157.87.86 - - [06/Feb/2020:00:11:04 +0100] "GET /?parammore=1&customer_id=1&version=1.56&param=meaningful&customer_name=somewebsite.de&some_id=4&cachebuster=1580944263903 HTTP/1.1" 204 0 "https://www.somewebsite.com/more/andheresomemore/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:72.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/72.0"

正则表达式是这样的:

(?P<ip>([^\s]+)).+?\[(?P<localtime>(.*?))\].+?GET\s\/\?(?P<request>.+?)\".+?\"(?P<ref>.+?)\".\"(?P<agent>.+?)\"

命名组的结果应如下所示:

regex101.com生成对我不起作用的golang代码。我试图改善它，但没有成功。
golang代码仅返回整个字符串，而不是组。

package main

import (
    "regexp"
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    var re = regexp.MustCompile(`(?P<ip>([^\s]+)).+?\[(?P<localtime>(.*?))\].+?GET\s\/\?(?P<request>.+?)\".+?\"(?P<ref>.+?)\".\"(?P<agent>.+?)\"`)
    var str = `57.157.87.86 - - [06/Feb/2020:00:11:04 +0100] "GET /?parammore=1&customer_id=1&version=1.56&param=meaningful&customer_name=somewebsite.de&some_id=4&cachebuster=1580944263903 HTTP/1.1" 204 0 "https://www.somewebsite.com/more/andheresomemore/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:72.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/72.0"`

    if len(re.FindStringIndex(str)) > 0 {
        fmt.Println(re.FindString(str),"found at index",re.FindStringIndex(str)[0])
    }
}

在这里找到 fiddle https://play.golang.org/p/e0_8PM-Nv6i

最佳答案

由于定义了捕获组并需要提取它们的值，因此需要使用You .FindStringSubmatch:

package main

import (
    "regexp"
    "fmt"
)

func main() {
    var re = regexp.MustCompile(`(?P<ip>\S+).+?\[(?P<localtime>.*?)\].+?GET\s/\?(?P<request>.+?)".+?"(?P<ref>.+?)"\s*"(?P<agent>.+?)"`)
    var str = `57.157.87.86 - - [06/Feb/2020:00:11:04 +0100] "GET /?parammore=1&customer_id=1&version=1.56&param=meaningful&customer_name=somewebsite.de&some_id=4&cachebuster=1580944263903 HTTP/1.1" 204 0 "https://www.somewebsite.com/more/andheresomemore/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:72.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/72.0"`
    match := re.FindStringSubmatch(str)
    fmt.Printf("IP: %s\nLocal Time: %s\nRequest: %s\nRef: %s\nAgent: %s", match[1],match[2], match[3], match[4], match[5])
}

输出:

IP: 57.157.87.86
Local Time: 06/Feb/2020:00:11:04 +0100
Request: parammore=1&customer_id=1&version=1.56&param=meaningful&customer_name=somewebsite.de&some_id=4&cachebuster=1580944263903 HTTP/1.1
Ref: https://www.somewebsite.com/more/andheresomemore/
Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:72.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/72.0

请注意，然后不需要命名的捕获组，只需使用编号的捕获组即可:

^(\S+)[\s-]+\[([^][]*)]\s+"GET\s+/\?([^"]+)"[^"]+"([^"]+)"\s+"([^"]+)"$

参见this regex demo。在模式中如此频繁地使用.+?并不是一个好主意，因为它会降低性能，因此我用否定的字符类替换了这些点模式，并试图使模式更加冗长。

关于regex - 正则表达式在Golang中命名组，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/60109288/