我正试图按照以下说明在Amazon Web服务EC2（ubuntu 14.04LTS）上安装MXNet R版本：http://mxnet.io/get_started/ubuntu_setup.html。
首先我从nvidia下载了CUDA 8toolkit。
sudo dpkg -i cuda-repo-ubuntu1404_8.0.61-1_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install cuda
然后下载最新的cudnn文件（cudnn-8.0-linux-x64-v6.0.tgz）并通过scp将其传输到ec2实例。
在ec2控制台（SSH访问）中，我输入
tar xvzf cudnn-8.0-linux-x64-v5.1-ga.tgz
sudo cp -P cuda/include/cudnn.h /usr/local/cuda/include
sudo cp -P cuda/lib64/libcudnn* /usr/local/cuda/lib64
sudo chmod a+r /usr/local/cuda/include/cudnn.h /usr/local/cuda/lib64/libcudnn*
sudo ldconfig
（我最初在/usr/local/上传输了cuda安装文件。）。所以这两行代码将文件复制到本地目录。）
然后我从git安装mxnet源文件，生成config.mk文件，并修改config.mk以使用CUDA=1，依此类推（用于GPU使用）。移动到设置utils目录并编译了ubuntu r版本的shell脚本。
git clone https://github.com/dmlc/mxnet.git ~/mxnet --recursive
cd ~/mxnet
cp make/config.mk .
# If building with GPU, add configurations to config.mk file:
echo "USE_CUDA=1" >>config.mk
echo "USE_CUDA_PATH=/usr/local/cuda" >>config.mk
echo "USE_CUDNN=1" >>config.mk
cd ~/mxnet/setup-utils
bash install-mxnet-ubuntu-r.sh
当然，我通过以下命令添加了环境变量：
export CUDA_HOME=/usr/local/cuda-8.0
export CUDA_ROOT=/usr/local/cuda-8.0/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${CUDA_HOME}/lib64
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/cuda
PATH=${CUDA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}
FI，我检查了NVIDIA驱动程序安装正确的“Nvidia SMI”命令。
我启动了R并打了一拳，
library(mxnet)
然后输出是
Rcpp Init>
我为mxnet运行了一些测试代码，它运行得很好。
所以我继续使用代码（Lenet）运行GPU：
require(mxnet)
train <- read.csv('train.csv', header=TRUE)
test <- read.csv('test.csv', header=TRUE)
train <- data.matrix(train)
test <- data.matrix(test)
train.x <- train[,-1]
train.y <- train[,1]
train.x <- t(train.x/255)
test <- t(test/255)
# input
data <- mx.symbol.Variable('data')
# first conv
conv1 <- mx.symbol.Convolution(data=data, kernel=c(5,5), num_filter=20)
tanh1 <- mx.symbol.Activation(data=conv1, act_type="tanh")
pool1 <- mx.symbol.Pooling(data=tanh1, pool_type="max",
kernel=c(2,2), stride=c(2,2))
# second conv
conv2 <- mx.symbol.Convolution(data=pool1, kernel=c(5,5), num_filter=50)
tanh2 <- mx.symbol.Activation(data=conv2, act_type="tanh")
pool2 <- mx.symbol.Pooling(data=tanh2, pool_type="max",
kernel=c(2,2), stride=c(2,2))
# first fullc
flatten <- mx.symbol.Flatten(data=pool2)
fc1 <- mx.symbol.FullyConnected(data=flatten, num_hidden=500)
tanh3 <- mx.symbol.Activation(data=fc1, act_type="tanh")
# second fullc
fc2 <- mx.symbol.FullyConnected(data=tanh3, num_hidden=10)
# loss
lenet <- mx.symbol.SoftmaxOutput(data=fc2)
train.array <- train.x
dim(train.array) <- c(28, 28, 1, ncol(train.x))
test.array <- test
dim(test.array) <- c(28, 28, 1, ncol(test))
n.gpu <- 4
device.gpu <- lapply(0:(n.gpu-1), function(i) {
mx.gpu(i)
})
mx.set.seed(0)
tic <- proc.time()
model <- mx.model.FeedForward.create(lenet, X=train.array, y=train.y,
ctx=device.gpu, num.round=5, array.batch.size=100,
learning.rate=0.05, momentum=0.9, wd=0.00001,
eval.metric=mx.metric.accuracy,
epoch.end.callback=mx.callback.log.train.metric(100))
这是来自mxnet页面的基本教程代码。
但我收到了以下错误消息：
Auto-select kvstore type = local_update_cpu
Start training with 4 devices
[07:05:37] /root/mxnet/dmlc-core/include/dmlc/logging.h:300: [07:05:37] src/storage/storage.cc:77: Compile with USE_CUDA=1 to enable GPU usage
Stack trace returned 10 entries:
[bt] (0) /usr/local/lib/R/site-library/mxnet/libs/libmxnet.so(_ZN4dmlc15LogMessageFatalD1Ev+0x3c) [0x7f296b8659cc]
[bt] (1) /usr/local/lib/R/site-library/mxnet/libs/libmxnet.so(+0xed1be3) [0x7f296c51cbe3]
[bt] (2) /usr/local/lib/R/site-library/mxnet/libs/libmxnet.so(+0xed43c3) [0x7f296c51f3c3]
[bt] (3) /usr/local/lib/R/site-library/mxnet/libs/libmxnet.so(_ZN5mxnet11StorageImpl5AllocEmNS_7ContextE+0x3f) [0x7f296c51f77f]
[bt] (4) /usr/local/lib/R/site-library/mxnet/libs/libmxnet.so(MXNDArrayCreate+0x63d) [0x7f296c0e83bd]
[bt] (5) /usr/local/lib/R/site-library/mxnet/libs/mxnet.so(_ZN5mxnet1R7NDArray5EmptyERKN4Rcpp9DimensionERKNS2_6VectorILi19ENS2_15PreserveStorageEEE+0xdd) [0x7f295ac7ebbd]
[bt] (6) /usr/local/lib/R/site-library/mxnet/libs/mxnet.so(_ZN4Rcpp12CppFunction2INS_4XPtrIN5mxnet1R6NDBlobENS_15PreserveStorageEXadL_ZNS_25standard_delete_finalizerIS4_EEvPT_EELb0EEERKNS_9DimensionERKNS_6VectorILi19ES5_EEEclEPP7SEXPREC+0xd2) [0x7f295ac8b552]
[bt] (7) /usr/local/lib/R/site-library/Rcpp/libs/Rcpp.so(_Z23InternalFunction_invokeP7SEXPREC+0xd1) [0x7f2971c69cd1]
[bt] (8) /usr/lib/R/lib/libR.so(+0xce3c1) [0x7f29762a83c1]
[bt] (9) /usr/lib/R/lib/libR.so(Rf_eval+0x6fb) [0x7f29762ed5ab]
Error in mx.nd.internal.empty.array(shape, ctx) :
[07:05:37] src/storage/storage.cc:77: Compile with USE_CUDA=1 to enable GPU usage
Stack trace returned 10 entries:
[bt] (0) /usr/local/lib/R/site-library/mxnet/libs/libmxnet.so(_ZN4dmlc15LogMessageFatalD1Ev+0x3c) [0x7f296b8659cc]
[bt] (1) /usr/local/lib/R/site-library/mxnet/libs/libmxnet.so(+0xed1be3) [0x7f296c51cbe3]
[bt] (2) /usr/local/lib/R/site-library/mxnet/libs/libmxnet.so(+0xed43c3) [0x7f296c51f3c3]
[bt] (3) /usr/local/lib/R/site-library/mxnet/libs/libmxnet.so(_ZN5mxnet11StorageImpl5AllocEmNS_7ContextE+0x3f) [0x7f296c51f77f]
[bt] (4) /usr/local/lib/R/site-library/mxnet/libs/libmxnet.so(MXNDArrayCreate+0x63d) [0x7f296c0e83bd]
[bt] (5) /usr/local/lib/R/site-library/mxnet/libs/mxnet.so(_ZN5mxnet1R7NDArray5EmptyERKN4Rcpp9DimensionERKNS2_6VectorILi19ENS2_15PreserveStorageEEE+0xdd) [0x7f295ac7ebbd]
[bt] (6) /usr/local/lib/R/site-library/mxnet/libs/mxnet.so(_ZN4Rcpp12CppFunction2INS_4XPtrIN5mxnet1R6NDBlobENS_15PreserveStorageEXadL_ZNS_25standard_delete_finalizerIS4_EEvPT_EEL
我想确保：
我修改了config.mk文件'before'实际上是通过'bash install--mxnet-ubuntu-r.sh'命令编译的。
尽可能多地改变环境变量。
重复以上步骤至少7次。
我的最终目标是运行一个包含mxnet lenet by batch文件（R CMD batch~.R）的代码
如果有人能解决我的问题，我将不胜感激。
最佳答案
似乎你没有CUDA的支持就编译了。对于R和Linux，需要以下build命令：
make -j $(nproc) USE_OPENCV=1 USE_BLAS=openblas USE_CUDA=1 USE_CUDA_PATH=/usr/local/cuda USE_CUDNN=1
注意，对openblas也有依赖性。
我已经按照installation page（选择Linux | R | GPU）上的确切说明进行了操作。在R环境中导入mxnet库时，我花了大约一个小时从头开始：
> library(mxnet)
libdc1394 error: Failed to initialize libdc1394
但是根据this post它与相机有关，所以我通过以下方式禁用了它：
sudo ln /dev/null /dev/raw1394
之后，我运行安装页面上提供的示例，它工作了：
> library(mxnet)
> a <- mx.nd.ones(c(2,3), ctx = mx.gpu())
> b <- a * 2 + 1
> b
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 3 3 3
[2,] 3 3 3
>
关于r - AWS ec2上的MXNet R版本CUDA失败(ubuntu14.04)，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43317419/