我有一组共线线段(可能相互不相交、包含或重叠)。
我想创建一组新的线段,其中线段是不相交或接触的(不重叠),并且每个线段都有覆盖它的原始线段的计数。
例如,假设原始集为(绘制为非共线图以供说明):
A----------------------B
C---------------------------D
E-----F
G-------------H
I-------J
理想的新设置是:
A-------C---E-----F-----B-----------D G-------------H-------J
1 2 3 2 1 1 1
(只有点坐标才重要,新集合不与旧集合共享点对象)
如何使用PostGIS实现这一点?
相关问题:假设我从一个线段表开始,而不是所有的共线,如何编写将共线线段组合在一起的整个查询,然后将解决方案应用于我的第一个问题?
谢谢你的帮助!
最佳答案
设置(用于以后的查询):
create table lines (
id serial primary key,
label text not null,
line_data geometry(linestring) not null
);
insert into lines(label, line_data)
values ('A-B', ST_MakeLine(ST_MakePoint(-3, -6), ST_MakePoint( 1, 2))),
('D-C', ST_MakeLine(ST_MakePoint( 2, 4), ST_MakePoint(-2, -4))),
('E-F', ST_MakeLine(ST_MakePoint(-1, -2), ST_MakePoint( 0, 0))),
('G-H', ST_MakeLine(ST_MakePoint( 3, 6), ST_MakePoint( 4, 8))),
('I-J', ST_MakeLine(ST_MakePoint( 4, 8), ST_MakePoint( 5, 10))),
('P-L', ST_MakeLine(ST_MakePoint( 1, 0), ST_MakePoint( 2, 2))),
('X-Y', ST_MakeLine(ST_MakePoint( 2, 2), ST_MakePoint( 0, 4)));
笔记:
我故意改变了你的D和C点来证明向量求反的必要性
P-L
线与示例线平行(但不共线)X-Y
行与其他行无关下面的解决方案显然是行不通的,如果有超过2个点的线串,并且这些点不在同一条线上(所以当一个线串不是直线时)。
ST_Union
聚合函数可以拆分共线字符串。您只需要计算包含这些内容的行数。然而,按共线性分组并不是那么简单。我没有找到任何现成的解决方案,但您可以计算它(这将不会计算计数):
select string_agg(label, ','), ST_AsText(ST_Multi(ST_Union(line_data)))
from lines
group by (
select case
when ST_SRID(s) <> ST_SRID(e) then row(ST_SRID(s), s, null)
when ST_X(s) = ST_X(e) then row(ST_SRID(s), ST_SetSRID(ST_MakePoint(ST_X(s), 1.0), ST_SRID(s)), null)
when ST_Y(s) = ST_Y(e) then row(ST_SRID(s), ST_SetSRID(ST_MakePoint(1.0, ST_Y(e)), ST_SRID(s)), null)
else (
select row(
ST_SRID(s),
(select case
when ST_Y(rv) < 0
then ST_SetSRID(ST_MakePoint(-ST_X(rv), -ST_Y(rv)), ST_SRID(s))
else rv
end), -- normalized vector (negated when necessary, but same for all parallel lines)
(ST_X(e) * ST_Y(s) - ST_X(s) * ST_Y(e)) / (ST_X(e) - ST_X(s)) -- solution of the linear equaltion, where x=0
)
from coalesce(1.0 / nullif(ST_Distance(s, e), 0), 0) dmi, -- distance's multiplicative inverse
ST_TransScale(e, -ST_X(s), -ST_Y(s), dmi, dmi) rv -- raw vector (translated and scaled)
)
end
from ST_StartPoint(line_data) s,
ST_EndPoint(line_data) e
)
将产生:
X-Y | MULTILINESTRING((2 2,0 4))
P-L | MULTILINESTRING((1 0,2 2))
E-F,A-B,I-J,G-H,D-C | MULTILINESTRING((-3 -6,-2 -4),(-2 -4,-1 -2),(-1 -2,0 0),(0 0,1 2),(2 4,1 2),(3 6,4 8),(4 8,5 10))
要计算计数,
JOIN
再次输入原始数据,其中拆分的行包含在(ST_Contains
)原始行中:select ST_AsText(splitted_line), count(line_data)
from (select ST_Multi(ST_Union(line_data)) ml
from lines
group by (
select case
when ST_SRID(s) <> ST_SRID(e) then row(ST_SRID(s), s, null)
when ST_X(s) = ST_X(e) then row(ST_SRID(s), ST_SetSRID(ST_MakePoint(ST_X(s), 1.0), ST_SRID(s)), null)
when ST_Y(s) = ST_Y(e) then row(ST_SRID(s), ST_SetSRID(ST_MakePoint(1.0, ST_Y(e)), ST_SRID(s)), null)
else (
select row(
ST_SRID(s),
(select case
when ST_Y(rv) < 0
then ST_SetSRID(ST_MakePoint(-ST_X(rv), -ST_Y(rv)), ST_SRID(s))
else rv
end), -- normalized vector (negated when necessary, but same for all parallel lines)
(ST_X(e) * ST_Y(s) - ST_X(s) * ST_Y(e)) / (ST_X(e) - ST_X(s)) -- solution of the linear equaltion, where x=0
)
from coalesce(1.0 / nullif(ST_Distance(s, e), 0), 0) dmi, -- distance's multiplicative inverse
ST_TransScale(e, -ST_X(s), -ST_Y(s), dmi, dmi) rv -- raw vector (translated and scaled)
)
end
from ST_StartPoint(line_data) s,
ST_EndPoint(line_data) e)) al,
generate_series(1, ST_NumGeometries(ml)) i,
ST_GeometryN(ml, i) splitted_line
left join lines on ST_Contains(line_data, splitted_line)
group by splitted_line
将返回:
LINESTRING(-3 -6,-2 -4) | 1
LINESTRING(-2 -4,-1 -2) | 2
LINESTRING(-1 -2,0 0) | 3
LINESTRING(0 0,1 2) | 2
LINESTRING(2 2,0 4) | 1
LINESTRING(1 0,2 2) | 1
LINESTRING(2 4,1 2) | 1
LINESTRING(3 6,4 8) | 1
LINESTRING(4 8,5 10) | 1