python - 决策树中特定类别的Sklearn决策规则

我正在创建决策树，我的数据属于以下类型

X1 |X2 |X3|.....X50|Y
_____________________________________
1  |5  |7 |.....0  |1
1.5|34 |81|.....0  |1
4  |21 |21|.... 1  |0
65 |34 |23|.....1  |1

我正在尝试执行以下代码:

X_train = data.iloc[:,0:51]
Y_train = data.iloc[:,51]
clf = DecisionTreeClassifier(criterion = "entropy", random_state = 100,
                           max_depth=8, min_samples_leaf=15)
clf.fit(X_train, y_train)

我想要的是可以预测特定类别的决策规则(在本例中为“0”)。例如，

when X1 > 4 && X5> 78 && X50 =100 Then Y = 0 ( Probability =84%)
When X4 = 56 && X39 < 100 Then Y = 0 ( Probability = 93%)
...

因此，基本上我希望所有叶子节点，附加的决策规则以及Y = 0的概率到来，从而预测类Y =“0”。我还希望以上述指定格式打印那些决策规则。

我对预测(Y = 1)的决策规则不感兴趣

谢谢，任何帮助将不胜感激

最佳答案

基于http://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/tree/plot_unveil_tree_structure.html

假设概率等于每个节点中类的比例，例如
如果leaf拥有68个实例，其中0个类的类为0，而15个类的类为1(即value中的tree_为[68,15])，则概率为[0.81927711, 0.18072289]。

生成一个简单的树，包含4个特征，2个类:

import numpy as np
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
from sklearn.datasets import make_classification
from sklearn.cross_validation import train_test_split
from sklearn.tree import _tree

X, y = make_classification(n_informative=3, n_features=4, n_samples=200, n_redundant=1, random_state=42, n_classes=2)
feature_names = ['X0','X1','X2','X3']
Xtrain, Xtest, ytrain, ytest = train_test_split(X,y, random_state=42)
clf = DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=2)
clf.fit(Xtrain, ytrain)

可视化它:

from sklearn.externals.six import StringIO
from sklearn import tree
import pydot
dot_data = StringIO()
tree.export_graphviz(clf, out_file=dot_data)
graph = pydot.graph_from_dot_data(dot_data.getvalue()) [0]
graph.write_jpeg('1.jpeg')

创建用于为一个实例打印条件的函数:

node_indicator = clf.decision_path(Xtrain)
n_nodes = clf.tree_.node_count
feature = clf.tree_.feature
threshold = clf.tree_.threshold
leave_id = clf.apply(Xtrain)


def value2prob(value):
    return value / value.sum(axis=1).reshape(-1, 1)


def print_condition(sample_id):
    print("WHEN", end=' ')
    node_index = node_indicator.indices[node_indicator.indptr[sample_id]:
                                        node_indicator.indptr[sample_id + 1]]
    for n, node_id in enumerate(node_index):
        if leave_id[sample_id] == node_id:
            values = clf.tree_.value[node_id]
            probs = value2prob(values)
            print('THEN Y={} (probability={}) (values={})'.format(
                probs.argmax(), probs.max(), values))
            continue
        if n > 0:
            print('&& ', end='')
        if (Xtrain[sample_id, feature[node_id]] <= threshold[node_id]):
            threshold_sign = "<="
        else:
            threshold_sign = ">"
        if feature[node_id] != _tree.TREE_UNDEFINED:
            print(
                "%s %s %s" % (
                    feature_names[feature[node_id]],
                    #Xtrain[sample_id,feature[node_id]] # actual value
                    threshold_sign,
                    threshold[node_id]),
                end=' ')

在第一行上调用它:

>>> print_condition(0)
WHEN X1 > -0.2662498950958252 && X0 > -1.1966443061828613 THEN Y=1 (probability=0.9672131147540983) (values=[[ 2. 59.]])

在预测值为零的所有行上调用它:

[print_condition(i) for i in (clf.predict(Xtrain) == 0).nonzero()[0]]

关于python - 决策树中特定类别的Sklearn决策规则，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52554712/