- /*
- snull.c -- the Simple Network Utility
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2001 Alessandro Rubini and Jonathan Corbet
- * Copyright (C) 2001 O'Reilly & Associates
- *
- * The source code in this file can be freely used, adapted,
- * and redistributed in source or binary form, so long as an
- * acknowledgment appears in derived source files. The citation
- * should list that the code comes from the book "Linux Device
- * Drivers" by Alessandro Rubini and Jonathan Corbet, published
- * by O'Reilly & Associates. No warranty is attached;
- * we cannot take responsibility for errors or fitness for use.
- *
- * $Id: snull.c,v 1.21 2004/11/05 02:36:03 rubini Exp $
- */
- #include <linux config.h>
- #include <linux module.h>
- #include <linux init.h>
- #include <linux moduleparam.h>
-
- #include <linux sched.h>
- #include <linux kernel.h> /* printk() */
- #include <linux slab.h> /* kmalloc() */
- #include <linux errno.h> /* error codes */
- #include <linux types.h> /* size_t */
- #include <linux interrupt.h> /* mark_bh */
-
- #include <linux in.h>
- #include <linux netdevice.h> /* struct device, and other headers */
- #include <linux etherdevice.h> /* eth_type_trans */
- #include <linux ip.h> /* struct iphdr */
- #include <linux tcp.h> /* struct tcphdr */
- #include <linux skbuff.h>
-
- #include "snull.h"
-
- #include <linux in6.h="">
- #include <asm checksum.h="">
-
- MODULE_AUTHOR("Alessandro Rubini, Jonathan Corbet");
- MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
-
- /*
- * Transmitter lockup simulation, normally disabled.
- */
- static int lockup = 0;
- module_param(lockup, int, 0);
-
- static int timeout = SNULL_TIMEOUT;
- module_param(timeout, int, 0);
-
- struct net_device *snull_devs[2];
-
- /*
- * A structure representing an in-flight packet.
- */
- struct snull_packet {
- struct snull_packet *next;
- struct net_device *dev;
- int datalen;
- u8 data[ETH_DATA_LEN];
- };
-
- int pool_size = 8;
- module_param(pool_size, int, 0);
-
- /*
- * This structure is private to each device. It is used to pass packets in and out, so there is place for a packet
- */
-
- struct snull_priv {
- struct net_device_stats stats;
- int status;
- struct snull_packet *ppool;
- struct snull_packet *rx_queue; /* List of incoming packets */
- int rx_int_enabled;
- int tx_packetlen;
- u8 *tx_packetdata;
- struct sk_buff *skb;
- spinlock_t lock;
- };
-
- static void snull_tx_timeout(struct net_device *dev);
- static void (*snull_interrupt)(int, void *, struct pt_regs *);
-
- void snull_setup_pool(struct net_device *dev)
- {
- struct snull_priv *priv = netdev_priv(dev);
- int i;
- struct snull_packet *pkt;
-
- priv->ppool = NULL;
- for (i = 0; i < pool_size; i++) {
- pkt = kmalloc (sizeof (struct snull_packet), GFP_KERNEL);
- if (pkt == NULL) {
- printk (KERN_NOTICE "Ran out of memory allocating packet pool\n");
- return;
- }
- pkt->dev = dev;
- pkt->next = priv->ppool;
- priv->ppool = pkt;
- }
- }
-
- /*因为snull_setup_pool分配了pool_size个struct snull_packet,所以,驱动退出时,需要释放内存*/
- void snull_teardown_pool(struct net_device *dev)
- {
- struct snull_priv *priv = netdev_priv(dev);
- struct snull_packet *pkt;
-
- while ((pkt = priv->ppool)) {
- priv->ppool = pkt->next;
- kfree (pkt);
- /* FIXME - in-flight packets ? */
- }
- }
-
- /*
- * 获取设备要传输的第一个包,传输队列首部相应的移动到下一个数据包.
- */
- struct snull_packet *snull_get_tx_buffer(struct net_device *dev)
- {
- struct snull_priv *priv = netdev_priv(dev);
- unsigned long flags;
- struct snull_packet *pkt;
-
- spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->lock, flags);//确保数据修改时,资源基本的独占
- pkt = priv->ppool;
- priv->ppool = pkt->next;
- if (priv->ppool == NULL) {
- printk (KERN_INFO "Pool empty\n");
- netif_stop_queue(dev);
- }
- spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->lock, flags);//开锁
- return pkt;
- }
-
- /*将包缓存交还给缓存池*/
- void snull_release_buffer(struct snull_packet *pkt)
- {
- unsigned long flags;
- struct snull_priv *priv = netdev_priv(pkt->dev);
-
- spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->lock, flags);
- pkt->next = priv->ppool;
- priv->ppool = pkt;
- spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->lock, flags);
- if (netif_queue_stopped(pkt->dev) && pkt->next == NULL)
- netif_wake_queue(pkt->dev);
- }
-
- /*将要传输的包加入到设备dev的传输队列首部,当然,这只是一个演示,这样一来,就变成先进先出了*/
- void snull_enqueue_buf(struct net_device *dev, struct snull_packet *pkt)
- {
- unsigned long flags;
- struct snull_priv *priv = netdev_priv(dev);
-
- spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->lock, flags);
- pkt->next = priv->rx_queue; /* FIXME - misorders packets */
- priv->rx_queue = pkt;
- spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->lock, flags);
- }
-
- /*取得传输队列中的第一个数据包*/
- struct snull_packet *snull_dequeue_buf(struct net_device *dev)
- {
- struct snull_priv *priv = netdev_priv(dev);
- struct snull_packet *pkt;
- unsigned long flags;
-
- spin_lock_irqsave(&priv->lock, flags);
- pkt = priv->rx_queue;
- if (pkt != NULL)
- priv->rx_queue = pkt->next;
- spin_unlock_irqrestore(&priv->lock, flags);
- return pkt;
- }
-
- /*
- * 打开/关闭接收中断.
- */
- static void snull_rx_ints(struct net_device *dev, int enable)
- {
- struct snull_priv *priv = netdev_priv(dev);
- priv->rx_int_enabled = enable;
- }
-
- /*
- * 设备打开函数,是驱动最重要的函数之一,它应该注册所有的系统资源(I/O端口,IRQ、DMA等等),并对设备执行其他所需的设置。因为这个例子中,并没有真正的物理设备,所以,它最重要的工作就是启动传输队列。
- */
-
- int snull_open(struct net_device *dev)
- {
- /* request_region(), request_irq(), .... (like fops->open) */
-
- /*
- * Assign the hardware address of the board: use "\0SNULx", where
- * x is 0 or 1. The first byte is '\0' to avoid being a multicast
- * address (the first byte of multicast addrs is odd).
- */
- memcpy(dev->dev_addr, "\0SNUL0", ETH_ALEN);
- if (dev == snull_devs[1])
- dev->dev_addr[ETH_ALEN-1]++; /* \0SNUL1 */
- netif_start_queue(dev);
- return 0;
- }
-
- /*设备停止函数,这里的工作就是停止传输队列*/
- int snull_release(struct net_device *dev)
- {
- /* release ports, irq and such -- like fops->close */
-
- netif_stop_queue(dev); /* can't transmit any more */
- return 0;
- }
-
- /*
- * 当用户调用ioctl时类型为SIOCSIFMAP时,如使用ifconfig,系统会调用驱动程序的set_config 方法。用户会传递一个ifmap结构包含需要设置的I/O地址、中断等参数。
- */
- int snull_config(struct net_device *dev, struct ifmap *map)
- {
- if (dev->flags & IFF_UP) /* 不能设置一个正在运行状态的设备 */
- return -EBUSY;
-
- /* 这个例子中,不允许改变 I/O 地址*/
- if (map->base_addr != dev->base_addr) {
- printk(KERN_WARNING "snull: Can't change I/O address\n");
- return -EOPNOTSUPP;
- }
-
- /* 允许改变 IRQ */
- if (map->irq != dev->irq) {
- dev->irq = map->irq;
- /* request_irq() is delayed to open-time */
- }
-
- /* ignore other fields */
- return 0;
- }
-
- /*
- * 接收数据包函数
- * 它被“接收中断”调用,重组数据包,并调用函数netif_rx进一步处理。我们从“硬件”中收到的包,是用struct snull_packet来描述的,但是内核中描述一个包,是使用struct sk_buff(简称skb),所以,这里要完成一个把硬件接收的包拷贝至内核缓存skb的一个组包过程(PS:不知在接收之前直接分配一个skb,省去这一步,会如何提高性能,没有研究过,见笑了^o^)。
- */
- void snull_rx(struct net_device *dev, struct snull_packet *pkt)
- {
- struct sk_buff *skb;
- struct snull_priv *priv = netdev_priv(dev);
-
- /*
- * 分配skb缓存
- */
- skb = dev_alloc_skb(pkt->datalen + 2);
- if (!skb) { /*分配失败*/
- if (printk_ratelimit())
- printk(KERN_NOTICE "snull rx: low on mem - packet dropped\n");
- priv->stats.rx_dropped++;
- goto out;
- }
- /*
- * skb_reserver用来增加skb的date和tail,因为以太网头部为14字节长,再补上两个字节就刚好16字 节边界对齐,所以大多数以太网设备都会在数据包之前保留2个字节。
- */
- skb_reserve(skb, 2); /* align IP on 16B boundary */
- memcpy(skb_put(skb, pkt->datalen), pkt->data, pkt->datalen);
-
- skb->dev = dev;
- /*skb与接收设备就关联起来了,它在网络栈中会被广泛使用,没道理不知道数据是谁接收来的吧*/
- skb->protocol = eth_type_trans(skb, dev);
- /*获取上层协议类型,这样,上层处理函数才知道如何进一步处理*/
- skb->ip_summed = CHECKSUM_UNNECESSARY;
- /* 设置较验标志:不进行任何校验,作者的驱动的收发都在内存中进行,是没有必要进行校验*/
-
- /*累加计数器*/
- priv->stats.rx_packets++;
- priv->stats.rx_bytes += pkt->datalen;
-
- /*
- * 把数据包交给上层。netif_rx会逐步调用netif_rx_schedule -->__netif_rx_schedule,__netif_rx_schedule函数会调用__raise_softirq_irqoff(NET_RX_SOFTIRQ);触发网络接收数据包的软中断函数net_rx_action。
- * 软中断是Linux内核完成中断推后处理工作的一种机制,请参考《Linux内核设计与实现》第二版。
- * 唯一需要提及的是,这个软中断函数net_rx_action是在网络系统初始化的时候(linux/net/core/dev.c):注册的
- * open_softirq(NET_RX_SOFTIRQ, net_rx_action, NULL);
- */
- netif_rx(skb);
- out:
- return;
- }
-
- /*
- * 设备的中断函数,当需要发/收数据,出现错误,连接状态变化等,它会被触发
- * 对于典型的网络设备,一般会在open函数中注册中断函数,这样,当网络设备产生中断时,如接收到数据包时,中断函数将会被调用。不过在这个例子中,因为没有真正的物理设备,所以,不存在注册中断,也就不存在触发,对于接收和发送,它都是在自己设计的函数的特定位置被调用。
- * 这个中断函数设计得很简单,就是取得设备的状态,判断是“接收”还是“发送”的中断,以调用相应的处理函数。
- * 而对于“是哪个设备产生的中断”这个问题,则由调用它的函数通过第二个参数的赋值来决定。
- */
- static void snull_regular_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id, struct pt_regs *regs)
- {
- int statusword;
- struct snull_priv *priv;
- struct snull_packet *pkt = NULL;
- /*
- * 通常,需要检查 "device" 指针以确保这个中断是发送给自己的。
- * 然后为 "struct device *dev" 赋
- */
- struct net_device *dev = (struct net_device *)dev_id;
-
- /* paranoid */
- if (!dev)
- return;
-
- /* 锁住设备 */
- priv = netdev_priv(dev);
- spin_lock(&priv->lock);
-
- /* 取得设备状态指字,对于真实设备,使用I/O指令,比如:int txsr = inb(TX_STATUS); */
- statusword = priv->status;
- priv->status = 0;
- if (statusword & SNULL_RX_INTR) { /*如果是接收数据包的中断*/
- /* send it to snull_rx for handling */
- pkt = priv->rx_queue;
- if (pkt) {
- priv->rx_queue = pkt->next;
- snull_rx(dev, pkt);
- }
- }
- if (statusword & SNULL_TX_INTR) { /*如果是发送数据包的中断*/
- /* a transmission is over: free the skb */
- priv->stats.tx_packets++;
- priv->stats.tx_bytes += priv->tx_packetlen;
- dev_kfree_skb(priv->skb);
- }
-
- /* 释放锁 */
- spin_unlock(&priv->lock);
-
- /*释放缓冲区*/
- if (pkt) snull_release_buffer(pkt); /* Do this outside the lock! */
- return;
- }
-
-
- /*
- * Transmit a packet (low level interface)
- */
- static void snull_hw_tx(char *buf, int len, struct net_device *dev)
- {
- /*
- * This function deals with hw details. This interface loops
- * back the packet to the other snull interface (if any).
- * In other words, this function implements the snull behaviour,
- * while all other procedures are rather device-independent
- */
- struct iphdr *ih;
- struct net_device *dest;
- struct snull_priv *priv;
- u32 *saddr, *daddr;
- struct snull_packet *tx_buffer;
-
- /* I am paranoid. Ain't I? */
- if (len < sizeof(struct ethhdr) + sizeof(struct iphdr)) {
- printk("snull: Hmm... packet too short (%i octets)\n",
- len);
- return;
- }
-
- if (0) { /* enable this conditional to look at the data */
- int i;
- PDEBUG("len is %i\n" KERN_DEBUG "data:",len);
- for (i=14 ; i<len; i++)
- printk("="" %02x",buf[i]&0xff);
- printk("\n");=""
- }
- /* 取得来源ip和目的ip地址 */
- ih = (struct iphdr *)(buf+sizeof(struct ethhdr));
- saddr = &ih->saddr;
- daddr = &ih->daddr;
-
- /*
- 这里做了三个调换,以实现欺骗:来源地址第三octet 01,目的地址第三octet 01,设备snX编辑01,这样做的理由是:
- sn0(发):192.168.0.88 --> 192.168.0.99
- 做了调换后,就变成:
- sn1(收):192.168.1.88 --> 192.168.1.99
- 因为sn1的地址就是192.168.1.99,所以,它收到这个包后,会回应:
- sn1(发):192.168.1.99 --> 192.168.1.88,
- 同样地,做了这样的调换后,就变成:
- sn0(收):192.168.0.99 --> 192.168.0.88
- 这样,sn0就会收到这个包,实现了ping的请求与应答,^o^
- */
- ((u8 *)saddr)[2] ^= 1; /* change the third octet (class C) */
- ((u8 *)daddr)[2] ^= 1;
-
- /*重新计算较验和*/
- ih->check = 0; /* and rebuild the checksum (ip needs it) */
- ih->check = ip_fast_csum((unsigned char *)ih,ih->ihl);
-
- /*输出调试信息*/
- if (dev == snull_devs[0])
- PDEBUGG("%08x:%05i --> %08x:%05i\n",
- ntohl(ih->saddr),ntohs(((struct tcphdr *)(ih+1))->source),
- ntohl(ih->daddr),ntohs(((struct tcphdr *)(ih+1))->dest));
- else
- PDEBUGG("%08x:%05i ,
- ntohl(ih->daddr),ntohs(((struct tcphdr *)(ih+1))->dest),
- ntohl(ih->saddr),ntohs(((struct tcphdr *)(ih+1))->source));
-
- /*调换设备编号,即dest指向接收设备,原因如前所述*/
- dest = snull_devs[dev == snull_devs[0] ? 1 : 0];
-
- /*将发送的数据添加到接收设备的接收队列中*/
- priv = netdev_priv(dest);
- tx_buffer = snull_get_tx_buffer(dev);
- tx_buffer->datalen = len;
- memcpy(tx_buffer->data, buf, len);
- snull_enqueue_buf(dest, tx_buffer);
-
- /*
- * 如果设备接收标志打开,就调用中断函数把数据包发送给目标设备——即触发目的设备的接收中断,这样
- * 中断程序就会自接收设备的接收队列中接收数据包,并交给上层网络栈处理
- */
- if (priv->rx_int_enabled) {
- priv->status |= SNULL_RX_INTR;
- snull_interrupt(0, dest, NULL);
- }
-
- /*发送完成后,触发“发送完成”中断*/
- priv = netdev_priv(dev);
- priv->tx_packetlen = len;
- priv->tx_packetdata = buf;
- priv->status |= SNULL_TX_INTR;
-
- /*
- 如果insmod驱动的时候,指定了模拟硬件锁的lockup=n,则在会传输n个数据包后,模拟一次硬件锁住的情况,这是通过调用netif_stop_queue函数来停止传输队列,标记“设备不能再传输数据包”实现的,它将在传输的超时函数中,调用netif_wake_queue函数来重新启动传输队例,同时超时函数中会再次调用“接收中断”,这样stats.tx_packets累加,又可以重新传输新的数据包了(参接收中断和超时处理函数的实现)
- */
- if (lockup && ((priv->stats.tx_packets + 1) % lockup) == 0) {
- /* Simulate a dropped transmit interrupt */
- netif_stop_queue(dev); /*停止数据包的传输*/
- PDEBUG("Simulate lockup at %ld, txp %ld\n", jiffies,
- (unsigned long) priv->stats.tx_packets);
- }
- else
- /*发送完成后,触发中断,中断函数发现发送完成,就累加计数器,释放skb缓存*/
- snull_interrupt(0, dev, NULL);
-
- /*
- 看到这里,我们可以看到,这个发送函数其实并没有把数据包通过I/O指令发送给硬件,而仅仅是做了一个地址/设备的调换,并把数据包加入到接收设备的队例当中。
- */
- }
-
- /*
- 数据包传输函数,Linux网络堆栈,在发送数据包时,会调用驱动程序的hard_start_transmit函数,在设备初始化的时候,这个函数指针指向了snull_tx。
- */
- int snull_tx(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev)
- {
- int len;
- char *data, shortpkt[ETH_ZLEN];
- struct snull_priv *priv = netdev_priv(dev);
-
- data = skb->data;
- len = skb->len;
- if (len < ETH_ZLEN) { /*处理短帧的情况,如果小于以太帧最小长度,不足位全部补0*/
- memset(shortpkt, 0, ETH_ZLEN);
- memcpy(shortpkt, skb->data, skb->len);
- len = ETH_ZLEN;
- data = shortpkt;
- }
- dev->trans_start = jiffies; /* 保存时间戳 */
-
- /*
- 因为“发送”完成后,需要释放skb,所以,先要保存它 ,释放都是在网卡发送完成,产生中断,而中断函数收到网卡的发送完成的中断信号后释放
- */
- priv->skb = skb;
-
- /*
- 让硬件把数据包发送出去,对于物理设备,就是一个读网卡寄存器的过程,不过,这里,只是一些为了实现演示功能的虚假的欺骗函数,比如操作源/目的IP,然后调用接收函数(所以,接收时不用调用中断)
- */
- snull_hw_tx(data, len, dev);
-
- return 0; /* Our simple device can not fail */
- }
-
- /*
- * 传输超时处理函数
- 比如在传输数据时,由于缓冲已满,需要关闭传输队列,但是驱动程序是不能丢弃数据包,它将在“超时”的时候触发超时处理函数,这个函数将发送一个“传输中断”,以填补丢失的中断,并重新启动传输队例子
- */
- void snull_tx_timeout (struct net_device *dev)
- {
- struct snull_priv *priv = netdev_priv(dev);
-
- PDEBUG("Transmit timeout at %ld, latency %ld\n", jiffies,
- jiffies - dev->trans_start);
- /* Simulate a transmission interrupt to get things moving */
- priv->status = SNULL_TX_INTR;
- snull_interrupt(0, dev, NULL);
- priv->stats.tx_errors++;
- netif_wake_queue(dev);
- return;
- }
-
- /*
- * Ioctl 命令
- */
- int snull_ioctl(struct net_device *dev, struct ifreq *rq, int cmd)
- {
- PDEBUG("ioctl\n");
- return 0;
- }
-
- /*
- * 获取设备的状态
- */
- struct net_device_stats *snull_stats(struct net_device *dev)
- {
- struct snull_priv *priv = netdev_priv(dev);
- return &priv->stats;
- }
-
- /*
- 有些网络有硬件地址(比如Ethernet),并且在发送硬件帧时需要知道目的硬件 地址会进行ARP请求/应答,以完成MAC地址解析,需要做arp请求的设备在发送之前会调用驱动程序的rebuild_header函数。需要做arp的的设备在发送之前会调用驱动程序的rebuild_header方法。调用的主要参数包括指向硬件帧头的指针,协议层地址。如果驱动程序能够解 析硬件地址,就返回1,如果不能,返回0。
- 当然,作者实现的演示设备中,不支持这个过程。
- */
- int snull_rebuild_header(struct sk_buff *skb)
- {
- struct ethhdr *eth = (struct ethhdr *) skb->data;
- struct net_device *dev = skb->dev;
-
- memcpy(eth->h_source, dev->dev_addr, dev->addr_len);
- memcpy(eth->h_dest, dev->dev_addr, dev->addr_len);
- eth->h_dest[ETH_ALEN-1] ^= 0x01; /* dest is us xor 1 */
- return 0;
- }
-
- /*
- * 为上层协议创建一个二层的以太网首部。
- * 事实上,如果一开始调用alloc_etherdev分配以太设备,它会调用ether_setup进行初始化,初始化函数会设置:
- * dev->hard_header = eth_header;
- * dev->rebuild_header = eth_rebuild_header;
- * 驱动开发人员并不需要自己来实现这个函数,作者这样做,只是为了展示细节。
- */
-
- int snull_header(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev,
- unsigned short type, void *daddr, void *saddr,
- unsigned int len)
- {
- /*获取以太头指针*/
- struct ethhdr *eth = (struct ethhdr *)skb_push(skb,ETH_HLEN);
-
- eth->h_proto = htons(type); /*填写协议*/
-
- /*填写来源/目的MAC地址,如果地址为空,则用设备自己的地址代替之*/
- memcpy(eth->h_source, saddr ? saddr : dev->dev_addr, dev->addr_len);
- memcpy(eth->h_dest, daddr ? daddr : dev->dev_addr, dev->addr_len);
-
- /*
- * 将第一个octet设为0,主要是为了可以在不支持组播链路,如ppp链路上运行
- * PS:作者这样做,仅仅是演示在PC机上的实现,事实上,直接使用ETH_ALEN-1是
- * 不适合“大头”机器的。
- */
- eth->h_dest[ETH_ALEN-1] ^= 0x01; /* dest is us xor 1 */
- return (dev->hard_header_len);
- }
-
- /*
- * 改变设备MTU值.
- */
- int snull_change_mtu(struct net_device *dev, int new_mtu)
- {
- unsigned long flags;
- struct snull_priv *priv = netdev_priv(dev);
- spinlock_t *lock = &priv->lock;
-
- /* check ranges */
- if ((new_mtu < 68) || (new_mtu > 1500))
- return -EINVAL;
- /*
- * Do anything you need, and the accept the value
- */
- spin_lock_irqsave(lock, flags);
- dev->mtu = new_mtu;
- spin_unlock_irqrestore(lock, flags);
- return 0; /* success */
- }
-
- /*
- * 设备初始化函数,它必须在 register_netdev 函数被调用之前调用
- */
- void snull_init(struct net_device *dev)
- {
- /*设备的“私有”结构,保存一些设备一些“私有数据”*/
- struct snull_priv *priv;
- #if 0
- /*
- * Make the usual checks: check_region(), probe irq, ... -ENODEV
- * should be returned if no device found. No resource should be
- * grabbed: this is done on open().
- */
- #endif
- /*
- * 初始化以太网设备的一些共用的成员
- */
- ether_setup(dev); /* assign some of the fields */
-
- /*设置设备的许多成员函数指针*/
- dev->open = snull_open;
- dev->stop = snull_release;
- dev->set_config = snull_config;
- dev->hard_start_xmit = snull_tx;
- dev->do_ioctl = snull_ioctl;
- dev->get_stats = snull_stats;
- dev->change_mtu = snull_change_mtu;
- dev->rebuild_header = snull_rebuild_header;
- dev->hard_header = snull_header;
- dev->tx_timeout = snull_tx_timeout;
- dev->watchdog_timeo = timeout;
-
- /* keep the default flags, just add NOARP */
- dev->flags |= IFF_NOARP;
- dev->features |= NETIF_F_NO_CSUM;
- dev->hard_header_cache = NULL; /* Disable caching */
-
- /*
- * 取得私有数据区,并初始化它.
- */
- priv = netdev_priv(dev);
- memset(priv, 0, sizeof(struct snull_priv));
- spin_lock_init(&priv->lock);
- snull_rx_ints(dev, 1); /* 打开接收中断标志 */
- snull_setup_pool(dev); /*设置使用NAPI时的接收缓冲池*/
- }
-
- /*
- * The devices
- */
-
- /*
- * Finally, the module stuff
- */
-
- void snull_cleanup(void)
- {
- int i;
-
- for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
- if (snull_devs[i]) {
- unregister_netdev(snull_devs[i]);
- snull_teardown_pool(snull_devs[i]);
- free_netdev(snull_devs[i]);
- }
- }
- return;
- }
-
- /*模块初始化,初始化的只有一个工作:分配一个设备结构并注册它*/
- int snull_init_module(void)
- {
- int result, i, ret = -ENOMEM;
-
- /*中断函数指针,因是否使用NAPI而指向不同的中断函数*/
- snull_interrupt = snull_regular_interrupt;
-
- /*
- * 分配两个设备,网络设备都是用struct net_device来描述,alloc_netdev分配设备,第三个参数是对struct net_device结构成员进行初始化的函数,对于以太网来说,可以把alloc_netdev/snull_init两个函数变为一个,alloc_etherdev,它会自动调用以太网的初始化函数ether_setup,因为以太网的初始化函数工作都是近乎一样的 */
- snull_devs[0] = alloc_netdev(sizeof(struct snull_priv), "sn%d",
- snull_init);
- snull_devs[1] = alloc_netdev(sizeof(struct snull_priv), "sn%d",
- snull_init);
- /*分配失败*/
- if (snull_devs[0] == NULL || snull_devs[1] == NULL)
- goto out;
-
- ret = -ENODEV;
- /*向内核注册网络设备,这样,设备就可以被使用了*/
- for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
- if ((result = register_netdev(snull_devs[i])))
- printk("snull: error %i registering device \"%s\"\n",
- result, snull_devs[i]->name);
- else
- ret = 0;
- out:
- if (ret)
- snull_cleanup();
- return ret;
- }
-
- module_init(snull_init_module);
- module_exit(snull_cleanup);
11-23 05:30