以下内容(如果将MCVE编译为称为cdylib
的libffitest
,则需要libc
作为依赖项)演示了此问题:
use libc::{c_char, c_void, size_t};
use std::ffi::CString;
use std::mem;
use std::slice;
#[repr(C)]
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct Array {
pub data: *const c_void,
pub len: size_t,
}
#[no_mangle]
pub unsafe extern "C" fn bar() -> Array {
let v = vec![
CString::new("Hi There").unwrap().into_raw(),
CString::new("Hi There").unwrap().into_raw(),
];
v.into()
}
#[no_mangle]
pub extern "C" fn drop_word_array(arr: Array) {
if arr.data.is_null() {
return;
}
// Convert incoming data to Vec so we own it
let mut f: Vec<c_char> = arr.into();
// Deallocate the underlying c_char data by reconstituting it as a CString
let _: Vec<CString> = unsafe { f.iter_mut().map(|slice| CString::from_raw(slice)).collect() };
}
// Transmute to array for FFI
impl From<Vec<*mut c_char>> for Array {
fn from(sl: Vec<*mut c_char>) -> Self {
let array = Array {
data: sl.as_ptr() as *const c_void,
len: sl.len() as size_t,
};
mem::forget(sl);
array
}
}
// Reconstitute from FFI
impl From<Array> for Vec<c_char> {
fn from(arr: Array) -> Self {
unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(arr.data as *mut c_char, arr.len).to_vec() }
}
}
我以为通过将传入的
Array
重构为片,将其所有权作为Vec
,然后将元素重构为CString
,可以释放任何分配的内存,但是显然我在做错什么。执行此Python脚本告诉我,它正在尝试释放未分配的指针:python(85068,0x10ea015c0) malloc: *** error for object 0x7ffdaa512ca1: pointer being freed was not allocated
import sys
import ctypes
from ctypes import c_void_p, Structure, c_size_t, cast, POINTER, c_char_p
class _FFIArray(Structure):
"""
Convert sequence of structs to C-compatible void array
"""
_fields_ = [("data", c_void_p),
("len", c_size_t)]
def _arr_to_wordlist(res, _func, _args):
ls = cast(res.data, POINTER(c_char_p * res.len))[0][:]
print(ls)
_drop_wordarray(res)
prefix = {"win32": ""}.get(sys.platform, "lib")
extension = {"darwin": ".dylib", "win32": ".dll"}.get(sys.platform, ".so")
lib = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary(prefix + "ffitest" + extension)
lib.bar.argtypes = ()
lib.bar.restype = _FFIArray
lib.bar.errcheck = _arr_to_wordlist
_drop_wordarray = lib.drop_word_array
if __name__ == "__main__":
lib.bar()
最佳答案
好吧,那是一个有趣的经历。
您的最大的问题是以下转换:
impl From<Array> for Vec<c_char> {
fn from(arr: Array) -> Self {
unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts_mut(arr.data as *mut c_char, arr.len).to_vec() }
}
}
您将从FFI边界中产生的内容作为字符串数组(即
*mut *mut c_char
)开始。由于某种原因,您突然决定它是Vec<c_char>
,而不是Vec<*const c_char>
转换所期望的CString
。那是UB#1-这是您的免税使用原因。由于类型之间不断变化,不必要地费解的转换使事情变得更加困惑。如果您的FFI边界是
Vec<CString>
,为什么将 yield 分成两个单独的调用?这确实是在发生灾难,这是在呼唤灾难。考虑以下:
impl From<Array> for Vec<CString> {
fn from(arr: Array) -> Self {
unsafe {
slice::from_raw_parts(
arr.data as *mut *mut c_char,
arr.len
)
.into_iter().map(|r| CString::from_raw(*r))
.collect()
}
}
}
这为您提供了一步式FFI边界转换(方法中无需第二个
unsafe
块),干净的类型且无泄漏。关于python - 尝试释放CString数组时发生内存泄漏,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58061938/