我在函数之间传输 vector 中包含的某些数据时遇到麻烦。情况如下:

void generateObjects(std::vector<MyClass> &objects)
{
    objects.clear();
    //Fill objects vector
    std::vector<MyClass> p;

    //This 4-line pattern is repeated a number of times to generate all objects and store them in variable 'objects'
    p.clear();
    generateSomeOfTheObjects(p); //p is again passed by ref. in/out parameter
    for(uint j = 0; j < p.size(); p++){
        objects.push_back(p[j]);
    }

    //Print some members of the objects - works fine
    for(uint i = 0; i < objects.size(); i++){
        printf("%f ",objects[i].mymember->myElm);
    }
}

int main()
{
   std::vector<MyClass> objects;
   generateObjects(objects);
   //Print size of vector - size is correct it is the same as it is in generateObjects func
   printf("%lu\n",objects.size());
   //Again print members of the objects - some members are retained after the function call, some are lost.
   //The one below doesn't work, mymember is a pointer to another object and its member myElm seems not initialized.
   for(uint i = 0; i < objects.size(); i++){
       printf("%f ",objects[i].mymember->myElm);
   }
   //Here I need to pass the objects to another read-only function
   ...
}

我在互联网上搜索了类似的案例,但实际上发现了很多案例,但是我无法对代码应用相同的修复程序。我试图到达由MyClass实例的成员指向的对象的成员(objects [i] .mymember-> myElm)我在这里可能会丢失什么?

最佳答案

错误可能在于MyClass的实现。我想说这个类包含一些用局部变量的地址初始化的指针,因此当您从某些函数返回时,该指针指向被破坏的对象。

那将是不确定的行为,但可能是偶然的。从第一个函数返回时,堆栈存储器最终将被覆盖,并且数据将丢失。

更新:由于@chris在下面的注释中提供的见解,最可能的原因是您的MyClass没有副本构造函数,但是它确实具有指针成员。

像这样:

class MyClass
{
public:
    Member *mymember;

    MyClass()
    {
        mymember = new Member;
    }
    ~MyClass()
    {
        delete mymember;
    }
};

现在,如果使用编译器生成的默认副本构造函数(或副本运算符),会发生什么?
void foo()
{
    MyClass a;
    {
        MyClass b(a);
    }
    //a.mymember is no longer valid
}
ab都共享相同的指针mymember,因此,当其中之一被销毁时,mymember会被删除,而另一个则会悬挂一个指针。

这就是为什么我们将规则设置为3 的原因。它指出:



现在,您必须决定是要共享mymember的所有权还是要复制它。第一个最好用智能指针(shared_ptr)完成,第二个最好用深度复制。

例如,深层复制:
class MyClass
{
public:
    Member *mymember;

    MyClass()
    {
        mymember = new Member;
    }
    MyClass(const MyClass &c)
    {
        mymember = new Member(c.mymember);
    }
    MyClass &operator=(const MyClass &c)
    {
        if (this != &c) //be aware of self-copy
        {
            delete mymember;
            mymember = new Member(c.mymember);
        }
        return *this;
    }
    ~MyClass()
    {
        delete mymember;
    }
};

并使用共享指针:
class MyClass
{
public:
    std::shared_ptr<Member> mymember; //or boost::shared_ptr if old compiler

    MyClass()
        :mymember(new Member)
    {
    }
    //no custom-made destructor -> no rule of 3
};

08-27 16:02