昨天我给这个answer一个问题时,我建议对计算值使用虚拟列,而不要手动更新它。
我自己做了一个测试,发现将连接两个 NUMBER个类型的列时,虚拟列表达式所占用的数据大小存在问题。但是,串联两个字符没有问题。
数据库版本:
SQL> select banner from v$version where rownum = 1;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL>
测试用例1:连接字符串
SQL> CREATE TABLE t(
2 ID varchar2(2),
3 num varchar2(2),
4 text VARCHAR2(10) generated always as (id||'_'||num) VIRTUAL
5 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES ('a', 'e');
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES ('b', 'f');
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES ('c', 'g');
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> SELECT * FROM T;
ID NU TEXT
-- -- ----------
a e a_e
b f b_f
c g c_g
SQL>
因此,串联两个字符类型列没有问题。
测试用例2:连接数字
SQL> CREATE TABLE t(
2 ID NUMBER,
3 num NUMBER,
4 text VARCHAR2(10) generated always as (to_char(id)||'_'||to_char(num)) VIRTUAL
5 );
text VARCHAR2(10) generated always as (to_char(id)||'_'||to_char(num)) VIRTUAL
*
ERROR at line 4:
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEXT" (actual: 10, maximum: 81)
不允许? !让我们增加尺寸-
SQL> CREATE TABLE t(
2 ID NUMBER,
3 num NUMBER,
4 text VARCHAR2(81) generated always as (to_char(id)||'_'||to_char(num)) VIRTUAL
5 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES (1, 4);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES (2, 5);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES (3, 6);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> SELECT * FROM T;
ID NUM
---------- ----------
TEXT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 4
1_4
2 5
2_5
3 6
3_6
SQL> set linesize 200
SQL> SELECT * FROM T;
ID NUM TEXT
---------- ---------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 4 1_4
2 5 2_5
3 6 3_6
SQL>
那么现在发生了什么?创建了表,但是当预期数据大小仅为3字节时,为什么 VIRTUAL COLUMN 占用了这么多的大小,但是却需要 81字节。
检查长度,值是正确的,但是数据大小要大得多。例如,我希望长度为3,因此我将列的大小声明为10个字节。但是虚拟列表达式产生的值的大小要大得多。
SQL> CREATE TABLE t(
2 ID NUMBER,
3 num NUMBER,
4 text VARCHAR2(10) generated always as (length(to_char(id)||'_'||to_char(num))) VIRTUAL
5 );
text VARCHAR2(10) generated always as (length(to_char(id)||'_'||to_char(num))) VIRTUAL
*
ERROR at line 4:
ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEXT" (actual: 10, maximum: 40)
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE t(
2 ID NUMBER,
3 num NUMBER,
4 text VARCHAR2(81) generated always as (length(to_char(id)||'_'||to_char(num))) VIRTUAL
5 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES (1, 4);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES (2, 5);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES (3, 6);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> SELECT * FROM T;
ID NUM TEXT
---------- ---------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 4 3
2 5 3
3 6 3
SQL> clear columns
columns cleared
SQL> SELECT * FROM T;
ID NUM TEXT
---------- ---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 4 3
2 5 3
3 6 3
任何见识都超过了欢迎。
UDPATE 感谢Alex Poole。我没有考虑过隐式转换,所以我不在乎显式地CAST表达式。因此,以下工作-
SQL> DROP TABLE t PURGE;
Table dropped.
SQL>
SQL> CREATE TABLE t(
2 ID NUMBER,
3 num NUMBER,
4 text VARCHAR2(10) generated always as (cast(to_char(id)||'_'||to_char(num) as varchar2(3))) VIRTUAL
5 );
Table created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES (1, 4);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES (2, 5);
1 row created.
SQL> INSERT INTO t(ID, num) VALUES (3, 6);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> SELECT * FROM T;
ID NUM TEXT
---------- ---------- ----------
1 4 1_4
2 5 2_5
3 6 3_6
SQL>
最佳答案
您的电话号码不受限制。对于单一数字(正数),您知道合并的长度只能为三,但是虚拟列必须足够大以容纳任何数字-因此看起来隐式格式模型最多允许40位数字(38位有效数字,小数点分隔符和符号; @collspar的词汇化)。
话虽如此,约束number列不会反射(reflect)在虚拟列的长度中-使两列NUMBER(1,0)
仍然会使串联需要81个字符。取生成值won't work either的子字符串,在本例中为ORA-12899: value too large for column "TEXT" (actual: 10, maximum: 40)
。为每个to_char()
调用提供格式模型,例如(FM999
)可以,但是会限制下划线两侧的值,而不是直接限制整个长度。
如果要限制列大小,可以将其强制转换为相同的数据类型和大小,这更加明确:
text VARCHAR2(10) generated always as
(cast(to_char(id)||'_'||to_char(num) as VARCHAR2(10))) VIRTUAL