1、继承Thread类方式
这种方式适用于执行特定任务,并且需要获取处理后的数据的场景。
举例:一个用于累加数组内数据的和的线程。
public class AdditionThread extends Thread { private int sum = 0; private int[] nums; public AdditionThread(int[] nums, String threadName) { super(threadName); this.nums = nums; } @Override public void run() { for (int num : nums) { sum += num; } } public int getSum() { return sum; } }
调用方式:
public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { int[] nums = {10, 12, 15, 200, 100}; AdditionThread thread = new AdditionThread(nums, "AdditionThread"); thread.start(); thread.join(); System.out.println("sum=" + thread.getSum()); } }
2、Runnable 接口方式
定义一个实现Runnable接口的类,或者直接创建一个匿名内部类,并覆盖 run() 方法。最后作为参数传给Thread的构造函数。
public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { // 自定义的 Runnable Runnable runnable = new MyRunnable(); Thread thread = new Thread(runnable, "Runnable-Thread"); thread.start(); // 自定义匿名内部类 new Thread(() -> { System.out.println("Inner class"); }).start(); } static class MyRunnable implements Runnable { @Override public void run() { System.out.println("MyRunnable"); } } }
3、 Callable 接口方式
Callable 接口与 Runnable 接口的区别:
(1)Callable 的方法为call(),Runnable的方法为run()。
(2)Callable 的方法由返回值,Runnable 没有。
(3)Callable 的方法声明的Exception,Runnable的没有。
public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { MyCallable myCallable = new MyCallable(); FutureTask<String> task = new FutureTask<>(myCallable); Thread thread = new Thread(task, "FutureTask"); thread.start(); try { // 通过get方法获取返回值 String result = task.get(); System.out.println(result); } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } static class MyCallable implements Callable<String> { @Override public String call() throws Exception { // 模拟超时操作 Thread.sleep(1000); return "OK"; } } }
4、线程池方式
我们可以通过 ThreadPoolExecutor 类的构造函数来创建线程池,也可以通过Executors工厂方法来创建,如
// 创建固定线程数的线程池 Executors.newFixedThreadPool(); // 创建只有一个核心线程的线程池 Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); // 创建一个没有核心线程,但可以缓存线程的线程池 Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); // 创建一个适用于执行定时任务的线程池 Executors.newScheduledThreadPool();
在创建线程池时,最好传入 ThreadFactory 参数,指定线程池所创建线程的名称。这样有利于分析定位可能存在的问题。
public class Main { private static final ExecutorService SERVICE = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5, new BasicThreadFactory("My-Thread")); public static void main(String[] args) { // 打印线程的名字 System.out.println("main thread name:" + Thread.currentThread().getName()); SERVICE.execute(() -> { System.out.println("Hello thread pool."); // 打印线程池里的线程的名字 System.out.println("thread name:" + Thread.currentThread().getName()); }); } static class BasicThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory { private final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(0); private final String basicName; public BasicThreadFactory(String basicName) { this.basicName = basicName; } @Override public Thread newThread(Runnable runnable) { Thread thread = new Thread(runnable); String name = this.basicName + "-" + threadNumber.incrementAndGet(); thread.setName(name); return thread; } } }