怎么做?

这个问题的前标题是“在带有子查询的复杂查询中使用排名(@Rank := @Rank + 1) - 它会起作用吗?”因为我一直在寻找使用排名的解决方案,但现在我看到 Bill 发布的解决方案要好得多。

原问题:

我正在尝试编写一个查询,该查询将从每个组中获取最后一条记录给定一些定义的顺序:

SET @Rank=0;

select s.*
from (select GroupId, max(Rank) AS MaxRank
      from (select GroupId, @Rank := @Rank + 1 AS Rank
            from Table
            order by OrderField
            ) as t
      group by GroupId) as t
  join (
      select *, @Rank := @Rank + 1 AS Rank
      from Table
      order by OrderField
      ) as s
  on t.GroupId = s.GroupId and t.MaxRank = s.Rank
order by OrderField

表达式 @Rank := @Rank + 1 通常用于排名,但对我来说,在 2 个子查询中使用时看起来很可疑,但仅初始化一次。会这样吗?

其次,它是否适用于一个被多次评估的子查询?就像 where (or have) 子句中的子查询一样(另一种写法):
SET @Rank=0;

select Table.*, @Rank := @Rank + 1 AS Rank
from Table
having Rank = (select max(Rank) AS MaxRank
              from (select GroupId, @Rank := @Rank + 1 AS Rank
                    from Table as t0
                    order by OrderField
                    ) as t
              where t.GroupId = table.GroupId
             )
order by OrderField

提前致谢!

最佳答案

所以你想获得每组最高 OrderField 的行?我会这样做:

SELECT t1.*
FROM `Table` AS t1
LEFT OUTER JOIN `Table` AS t2
  ON t1.GroupId = t2.GroupId AND t1.OrderField < t2.OrderField
WHERE t2.GroupId IS NULL
ORDER BY t1.OrderField; // not needed! (note by Tomas)

( 由 Tomas 编辑: 如果同一组中有更多记录具有相同的 OrderField 并且您只需要其中一个,您可能需要扩展条件:
SELECT t1.*
FROM `Table` AS t1
LEFT OUTER JOIN `Table` AS t2
  ON t1.GroupId = t2.GroupId
        AND (t1.OrderField < t2.OrderField
         OR (t1.OrderField = t2.OrderField AND t1.Id < t2.Id))
WHERE t2.GroupId IS NULL

编辑结束。)

换句话说,返回没有其他行 t1 的行 t2 具有相同的 GroupId 和更大的 OrderField 。当 t2.* 为 NULL 时,表示左外连接没有找到这样的匹配,因此 t1 在组中具有最大值 OrderField

没有等级,没有子查询。如果您在 (GroupId, OrderField) 上有复合索引,这应该运行得很快,并使用“使用索引”优化对 t2 的访问。

关于性能,请参阅我对 Retrieving the last record in each group 的回答。我尝试了使用 Stack Overflow 数据转储的子查询方法和连接方法。区别很明显:在我的测试中,join 方法的运行速度快了 278 倍。

拥有正确的索引以获得最佳结果非常重要!

关于您使用@Rank 变量的方法,它不会像您编写的那样工作,因为在查询处理第一个表后@Rank 的值不会重置为零。我给你看一个例子。

我插入了一些虚拟数据,除了我们知道每组最大的行之外,还有一个额外的字段为空:
select * from `Table`;

+---------+------------+------+
| GroupId | OrderField | foo  |
+---------+------------+------+
|      10 |         10 | NULL |
|      10 |         20 | NULL |
|      10 |         30 | foo  |
|      20 |         40 | NULL |
|      20 |         50 | NULL |
|      20 |         60 | foo  |
+---------+------------+------+

我们可以证明第一组的排名增加到 3,第二组的排名增加到 6,并且内部查询正确返回这些:
select GroupId, max(Rank) AS MaxRank
from (
  select GroupId, @Rank := @Rank + 1 AS Rank
  from `Table`
  order by OrderField) as t
group by GroupId

+---------+---------+
| GroupId | MaxRank |
+---------+---------+
|      10 |       3 |
|      20 |       6 |
+---------+---------+

现在运行没有连接条件的查询,强制所有行的笛卡尔积,我们还获取所有列:
select s.*, t.*
from (select GroupId, max(Rank) AS MaxRank
      from (select GroupId, @Rank := @Rank + 1 AS Rank
            from `Table`
            order by OrderField
            ) as t
      group by GroupId) as t
  join (
      select *, @Rank := @Rank + 1 AS Rank
      from `Table`
      order by OrderField
      ) as s
  -- on t.GroupId = s.GroupId and t.MaxRank = s.Rank
order by OrderField;

+---------+---------+---------+------------+------+------+
| GroupId | MaxRank | GroupId | OrderField | foo  | Rank |
+---------+---------+---------+------------+------+------+
|      10 |       3 |      10 |         10 | NULL |    7 |
|      20 |       6 |      10 |         10 | NULL |    7 |
|      10 |       3 |      10 |         20 | NULL |    8 |
|      20 |       6 |      10 |         20 | NULL |    8 |
|      20 |       6 |      10 |         30 | foo  |    9 |
|      10 |       3 |      10 |         30 | foo  |    9 |
|      10 |       3 |      20 |         40 | NULL |   10 |
|      20 |       6 |      20 |         40 | NULL |   10 |
|      10 |       3 |      20 |         50 | NULL |   11 |
|      20 |       6 |      20 |         50 | NULL |   11 |
|      20 |       6 |      20 |         60 | foo  |   12 |
|      10 |       3 |      20 |         60 | foo  |   12 |
+---------+---------+---------+------------+------+------+

从上面我们可以看到,每组的最大排名是正确的,但是@Rank 在处理第二个派生表时继续增加,达到 7 及更高。因此,第二个派生表中的排名永远不会与第一个派生表中的排名重叠。

您必须添加另一个派生表以强制 @Rank 在处理两个表之间重置为零(并希望优化器不会更改它评估表的顺序,否则使用 STRAIGHT_JOIN 来防止这种情况):
select s.*
from (select GroupId, max(Rank) AS MaxRank
      from (select GroupId, @Rank := @Rank + 1 AS Rank
            from `Table`
            order by OrderField
            ) as t
      group by GroupId) as t
  join (select @Rank := 0) r -- RESET @Rank TO ZERO HERE
  join (
      select *, @Rank := @Rank + 1 AS Rank
      from `Table`
      order by OrderField
      ) as s
  on t.GroupId = s.GroupId and t.MaxRank = s.Rank
order by OrderField;

+---------+------------+------+------+
| GroupId | OrderField | foo  | Rank |
+---------+------------+------+------+
|      10 |         30 | foo  |    3 |
|      20 |         60 | foo  |    6 |
+---------+------------+------+------+

但是这个查询的优化很糟糕。它不能使用任何索引,它创建了两个临时表,对它们进行了艰难的排序,甚至使用了连接缓冲区,因为它在连接临时表时也不能使用索引。这是来自 EXPLAIN 的示例输出:
+----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+---------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table      | type   | possible_keys | key  | key_len | ref  | rows | Extra                           |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+---------------------------------+
|  1 | PRIMARY     | <derived4> | system | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    1 | Using temporary; Using filesort |
|  1 | PRIMARY     | <derived2> | ALL    | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    2 |                                 |
|  1 | PRIMARY     | <derived5> | ALL    | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    6 | Using where; Using join buffer  |
|  5 | DERIVED     | Table      | ALL    | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    6 | Using filesort                  |
|  4 | DERIVED     | NULL       | NULL   | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL | NULL | No tables used                  |
|  2 | DERIVED     | <derived3> | ALL    | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    6 | Using temporary; Using filesort |
|  3 | DERIVED     | Table      | ALL    | NULL          | NULL | NULL    | NULL |    6 | Using filesort                  |
+----+-------------+------------+--------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+---------------------------------+

而我使用左外连接的解决方案优化得更好。它不使用临时表,甚至报告 "Using index",这意味着它可以仅使用索引解析连接,而无需接触数据。
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------------+------+--------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key     | key_len | ref             | rows | Extra                    |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------------+------+--------------------------+
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t1    | ALL  | NULL          | NULL    | NULL    | NULL            |    6 | Using filesort           |
|  1 | SIMPLE      | t2    | ref  | GroupId       | GroupId | 5       | test.t1.GroupId |    1 | Using where; Using index |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------------+------+--------------------------+

您可能会读到有人在他们的博客上声称“联接使 SQL 变慢”,但这是无稽之谈。糟糕的优化使 SQL 变慢。

关于mysql - 获取每组最高/最小 <whatever> 的记录,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8748986/

10-15 14:25