我想实现只接受类支持的协议的方法。为此,我定义了一个协议:
protocol TestProt {
func testMe() -> String
}
我们来做一个类声明:
class TestClass: TestProt {
func testMe() -> String {
return "test"
}
}
但是,我如何实现register类,只有类支持testprot?
class FabricaClass {
// it is func take any classes :(
func registerMe(context: MyContext, class: AnyClass) -> String {
}
// i want something like this =)
// to the method took only classes supported protocols
// but it don't work for swift...
func registerMe(context: MyContext, class: AnyClass <TestProt>) -> String {
}
}
UPD:回答
protocol TestProt {
static func testMe() -> String
}
class TestClass: TestProt {
class func testMe() -> String {
return "test"
}
}
class MyContext {
}
class FactoryClass {
init<T: TestProt>(context: MyContext, regClass: T.Type) {
regClass.testMe()
}
}
let context = MyContext()
let factory = FactoryClass(context: context, regClass: TestClass.self)
感谢您@dfri
最佳答案
您需要在函数中包含泛型类型,并为此泛型类型添加类型约束,其中类型约束确保使用函数的类型符合用作类型约束的协议。例如。:
/* add :class keyword to constrain this protocol only
to be conformable to by class types */
protocol ProtocolOnlyIntendedForClasses: class {
func foo() -> String
init() // to make use of metaType for initialization in generic function
}
class Foo: ProtocolOnlyIntendedForClasses {
func foo() -> String {
return "foo"
}
required init() { }
}
/* function taking class type objects that conforms
to ProtocolOnlyIntendedForClasses */
func bar<T: ProtocolOnlyIntendedForClasses>(foo: T) -> String {
return foo.foo()
}
/* as above, but making use of metatype representation
of generic T rather than an instance of it */
func barWithMetaType<T: ProtocolOnlyIntendedForClasses>(fooMetaType: T.Type) -> String {
// ..
return fooMetaType.init().foo()
}
/* example usage */
let foo = Foo()
let baz = bar(foo)
let bax = barWithMetaType(Foo.self)
print(baz, bax) // foo foo
在这里,我们使用
T
将T.Type
类型作为元类型访问。应用于您的特定示例:
// ...
class FabricaClass {
// ...
// as specified in comments, you want the class (meta)type,
// rather than an instance of it
func registerMe<T: TestProt>(context: MyContext, someMetaType: T.Type) -> String {
// ...
return someMetaType.init().testMe()
// given that you added blueprint for 'init()' in protocol TestProt
}
}
但是,请注意,use元类型(
someMetaType
在上面的registerMe(..)
函数中)非常有限,并不等同于使用静态(编译时已知)类型。有关其他详细信息,请参阅
The Language Guide - Generics: Section Type Constraints
The Language Guide - Protocols
The Language Reference - Types: Section Metatypes
关于swift - Swift:仅限制类支持的协议(protocol),我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/36480731/