我一直在开发一些实时直播的流软件
通过网络使用各种摄像机和流
H.264。为此,我直接使用x264编码器(
“zerolatency”预设),并根据需要提供NAL
libavformat打包到RTP(最终是RTSP)中。理想情况下,
应用程序应尽可能实时。在大多数情况下,
这一直很好。
但是,不幸的是,存在某种同步问题:
在客户端上播放的任何视频似乎都显示出一些流畅的画面,
稍停片刻,然后再播放更多帧;重复。此外,
似乎有大约4秒钟的延迟。这发生在
我尝试过的每个视频播放器:图腾,VLC和基本的gstreamer管道。
我将其归结为一个较小的测试用例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <x264.h>
#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
#include <libswscale/swscale.h>
#define WIDTH 640
#define HEIGHT 480
#define FPS 30
#define BITRATE 400000
#define RTP_ADDRESS "127.0.0.1"
#define RTP_PORT 49990
struct AVFormatContext* avctx;
struct x264_t* encoder;
struct SwsContext* imgctx;
uint8_t test = 0x80;
void create_sample_picture(x264_picture_t* picture)
{
// create a frame to store in
x264_picture_alloc(picture, X264_CSP_I420, WIDTH, HEIGHT);
// fake image generation
// disregard how wrong this is; just writing a quick test
int strides = WIDTH / 8;
uint8_t* data = malloc(WIDTH * HEIGHT * 3);
memset(data, test, WIDTH * HEIGHT * 3);
test = (test << 1) | (test >> (8 - 1));
// scale the image
sws_scale(imgctx, (const uint8_t* const*) &data, &strides, 0, HEIGHT,
picture->img.plane, picture->img.i_stride);
}
int encode_frame(x264_picture_t* picture, x264_nal_t** nals)
{
// encode a frame
x264_picture_t pic_out;
int num_nals;
int frame_size = x264_encoder_encode(encoder, nals, &num_nals, picture, &pic_out);
// ignore bad frames
if (frame_size < 0)
{
return frame_size;
}
return num_nals;
}
void stream_frame(uint8_t* payload, int size)
{
// initalize a packet
AVPacket p;
av_init_packet(&p);
p.data = payload;
p.size = size;
p.stream_index = 0;
p.flags = AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY;
p.pts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
p.dts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
// send it out
av_interleaved_write_frame(avctx, &p);
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
// initalize ffmpeg
av_register_all();
// set up image scaler
// (in-width, in-height, in-format, out-width, out-height, out-format, scaling-method, 0, 0, 0)
imgctx = sws_getContext(WIDTH, HEIGHT, PIX_FMT_MONOWHITE,
WIDTH, HEIGHT, PIX_FMT_YUV420P,
SWS_FAST_BILINEAR, NULL, NULL, NULL);
// set up encoder presets
x264_param_t param;
x264_param_default_preset(¶m, "ultrafast", "zerolatency");
param.i_threads = 3;
param.i_width = WIDTH;
param.i_height = HEIGHT;
param.i_fps_num = FPS;
param.i_fps_den = 1;
param.i_keyint_max = FPS;
param.b_intra_refresh = 0;
param.rc.i_bitrate = BITRATE;
param.b_repeat_headers = 1; // whether to repeat headers or write just once
param.b_annexb = 1; // place start codes (1) or sizes (0)
// initalize
x264_param_apply_profile(¶m, "high");
encoder = x264_encoder_open(¶m);
// at this point, x264_encoder_headers can be used, but it has had no effect
// set up streaming context. a lot of error handling has been ommitted
// for brevity, but this should be pretty standard.
avctx = avformat_alloc_context();
struct AVOutputFormat* fmt = av_guess_format("rtp", NULL, NULL);
avctx->oformat = fmt;
snprintf(avctx->filename, sizeof(avctx->filename), "rtp://%s:%d", RTP_ADDRESS, RTP_PORT);
if (url_fopen(&avctx->pb, avctx->filename, URL_WRONLY) < 0)
{
perror("url_fopen failed");
return 1;
}
struct AVStream* stream = av_new_stream(avctx, 1);
// initalize codec
AVCodecContext* c = stream->codec;
c->codec_id = CODEC_ID_H264;
c->codec_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
c->flags = CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
c->width = WIDTH;
c->height = HEIGHT;
c->time_base.den = FPS;
c->time_base.num = 1;
c->gop_size = FPS;
c->bit_rate = BITRATE;
avctx->flags = AVFMT_FLAG_RTP_HINT;
// write the header
av_write_header(avctx);
// make some frames
for (int frame = 0; frame < 10000; frame++)
{
// create a sample moving frame
x264_picture_t* pic = (x264_picture_t*) malloc(sizeof(x264_picture_t));
create_sample_picture(pic);
// encode the frame
x264_nal_t* nals;
int num_nals = encode_frame(pic, &nals);
if (num_nals < 0)
printf("invalid frame size: %d\n", num_nals);
// send out NALs
for (int i = 0; i < num_nals; i++)
{
stream_frame(nals[i].p_payload, nals[i].i_payload);
}
// free up resources
x264_picture_clean(pic);
free(pic);
// stream at approx 30 fps
printf("frame %d\n", frame);
usleep(33333);
}
return 0;
}
此测试在白色背景上显示黑线,
应该向左平稳移动。它已为ffmpeg 0.6.5编写
但问题可以在 0.8 和 0.10 上重现(根据我到目前为止的测试)。我在错误处理方面采取了一些捷径,以使该示例尽可能短
可能仍然显示问题,所以请原谅
讨厌的代码。我还应注意,虽然此处未使用SDP,但我
尝试使用已经具有类似结果的方法。测试可以
编译为:
gcc -g -std=gnu99 streamtest.c -lswscale -lavformat -lx264 -lm -lpthread -o streamtest
可以直接用gtreamer播放:
gst-launch udpsrc port=49990 ! application/x-rtp,payload=96,clock-rate=90000 ! rtph264depay ! decodebin ! xvimagesink
您应该立即注意到口吃。我有一个常见的“解决方案”
在Internet上看到的是在管道中添加sync = false:
gst-launch udpsrc port=49990 ! application/x-rtp,payload=96,clock-rate=90000 ! rtph264depay ! decodebin ! xvimagesink sync=false
这将使播放变得流畅(并且接近实时),但是
非解决方案,仅适用于gstreamer。我想修复
从根本上讲问题。我已经能够以几乎相同的方式进行直播
使用原始ffmpeg的参数,并且没有任何问题:
ffmpeg -re -i sample.mp4 -vcodec libx264 -vpre ultrafast -vpre baseline -b 400000 -an -f rtp rtp://127.0.0.1:49990 -an
所以很明显我在做错事。那是什么
最佳答案
1)您没有为发送到libx264的帧设置PTS(您可能应该看到“非严格单调的PTS”警告)
2)您没有为发送到libavformat的rtp混合器的数据包设置PTS/DTS(我不是100%肯定需要设置它,但我想会更好。从源代码看,就像rtp使用PTS)。
3)IMHO usleep(33333)不好。这也会导致编码器这次也停顿(增加延迟),而此时您仍然可以编码下一帧,即使您仍然不需要通过rtp发送它。
P.S.顺便说一句,您没有将param.rc.i_rc_method设置为X264_RC_ABR,因此libx264将改为使用CRF 23,而忽略您的“param.rc.i_bitrate = BITRATE”。同样,在对网络发送进行编码时使用VBV是个好主意。
关于c - 无法将libavformat/ffmpeg与x264和RTP同步,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11691921/