我有点卡住了(除了复制内存(请参阅playpen中的DupKeyEAB)),我得到了以下特征:

   pub trait KeyVal : Send + Sync + 'static {
      type Key : Clone + Debug + 'static;
      fn get_key(&self) -> Self::Key;
      fn get_key_ref<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a Self::Key;
    }

我的问题是我需要类似的东西(以避免每次访问 key 时都使用克隆):
  pub trait KeyVal : Send + Sync + 'static {
      type Key : Clone + Debug + 'static;
      type KeyRef<'_> : Debug;
      fn get_key(&self) -> Self::Key;
      fn get_key_ref<'a>(&'a self) -> Self::KeyRef<'a>;
    }

或直接(以KeyRef为特征)
  fn get_key_ref<'a,K : KeyRef<'a>>(&'a self) -> K;

或者
   fn get_key_ref<'a>(&'a self) -> KeyRef<'a>;

所有这些表示法显然都是无效的,但它说明我需要返回与实现我的特征的结构具有相同生存期的引用,但与此同时,该引用不能只是&'a而是具有相同生存期的枚举。

这样,当在简单的结构上使用get_key_ref时,我的KeyRef就是&'aKey,当在枚举上使用get_key_ref并结合了多种特征实现(请参见EnumAB)时,我可以在对键的引用上使用包装枚举:像KeyABRef<'a>
  impl EnumAB {
     fn get_key_ok<'a>(&'a self) -> KeyABRef<'a> {
       match self {
         &EnumAB::A(ref a) => KeyABRef::A(a.get_key_ref()),
         &EnumAB::B(ref b) => KeyABRef::B(b.get_key_ref()),
       }
     }
   }

但是我无法将此功能纳入我的特征。
我想知道是否有人针对这种需求找到了解决方案(KeyVal必须为“静态”)?

我原来的测试代码是:
use std::fmt::Debug;
use std::thread;

pub trait KeyVal : Send + Sync + 'static {
  type Key : Clone + Debug + 'static;
  fn get_key(&self) -> Self::Key;
  fn get_key_ref<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a Self::Key;
}

pub fn do_something_with_spawn<KV : KeyVal> (kv : KV) {
  thread::spawn ( move || {
    println!("{:?}", kv.get_key_ref());
  });
}
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct StructA (usize);
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct StructB (String);

#[derive(Debug)]
pub enum EnumAB {
  A(StructA),
  B(StructB),
}


impl KeyVal for StructA {
  type Key = usize;
  // type KeyRef<'_> = &'_ usize;
  fn get_key(&self) -> Self::Key {
    self.0.clone()
  }
  fn get_key_ref<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a Self::Key {
    &self.0
  }
}

impl KeyVal for StructB {
  type Key = String;
  // type KeyRef<'_> = &'_ String;
  fn get_key(&self) -> Self::Key {
    self.0.clone()
  }
  fn get_key_ref<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a Self::Key {
    &self.0
  }
}

#[derive(Clone,Debug)]
pub enum KeyAB {
  A(usize),
  B(String),
}

#[derive(Clone,Debug)]
pub enum KeyABRef<'a> {
  A(&'a usize),
  B(&'a String),
}

impl KeyVal for EnumAB {
  type Key = KeyAB;
  // type KeyRef<'_> = KeyABRef<'_>
  fn get_key(&self) -> Self::Key {
    match self {
      &EnumAB::A(ref a) => KeyAB::A(a.get_key()),
      &EnumAB::B(ref b) => KeyAB::B(b.get_key()),
    }
  }
  fn get_key_ref<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a Self::Key {
    panic!("cannot");
  }
}

impl EnumAB {
  fn get_key_ok<'a>(&'a self) -> KeyABRef<'a> {
    match self {
      &EnumAB::A(ref a) => KeyABRef::A(a.get_key_ref()),
      &EnumAB::B(ref b) => KeyABRef::B(b.get_key_ref()),
    }
  }
}

#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct DupKeyEAB (KeyAB, EnumAB);
impl KeyVal for DupKeyEAB {
  type Key = KeyAB;
  fn get_key(&self) -> Self::Key {
    self.0.clone()
  }
  fn get_key_ref<'a>(&'a self) -> &'a Self::Key {
    &self.0
  }
}

fn main () {
  let d2 = StructB("hello".to_string());
  let d3 = EnumAB::A(StructA(3));
  println!("{:?}",d2.get_key());
  println!("{:?}",d3.get_key());
  println!("{:?}",d2.get_key_ref());
  println!("{:?}",d3.get_key_ok());

 do_something_with_spawn(d3);
}

最佳答案

我同意A.B.您的动机尚不清楚,因此我们能提供的任何帮助充其量都是在猜测。话虽如此,这是使用 Borrow 的猜测:

use std::borrow::Borrow;

trait KeyVal<'a> {
    type Key: Borrow<Self::KeyRef>;
    type KeyRef: 'a;

    fn get_key(&self) -> Self::Key;
    fn get_key_ref(&'a self) -> &'a Self::KeyRef;
}

struct Example(u8);

impl<'a> KeyVal<'a> for Example {
    type Key = u8;
    type KeyRef = u8;

    fn get_key(&self) -> Self::Key {
        self.0
    }

    fn get_key_ref(&'a self) -> &'a Self::KeyRef {
        &self.0
    }
}

fn main() {
    let e = Example(42);
    println!("{:?}", e.get_key());
    println!("{:p}", e.get_key_ref());
}

另一个是type KeyRef: 'a,它指示选择的类型必须超过'a

我想您虽然不需要Borrow:
trait KeyVal<'a> {
    type Key;
    type KeyRef: 'a;

    fn get_key(&self) -> Self::Key;
    fn get_key_ref(&'a self) -> Self::KeyRef;
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct Example(u8);
#[derive(Debug)]
struct RefWrapper<'a>(&'a u8);

impl<'a> KeyVal<'a> for Example {
    type Key = u8;
    type KeyRef = RefWrapper<'a>;

    fn get_key(&self) -> Self::Key {
        self.0
    }

    fn get_key_ref(&'a self) -> Self::KeyRef {
        RefWrapper(&self.0)
    }
}

fn main() {
    let e = Example(42);
    println!("{:?}", e.get_key());
    println!("{:?}", e.get_key_ref());
}

10-01 05:46
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