我有以下文件:
当我阅读这些.txt文档时，我想创建第二列来指明演讲者姓名。
因此，我尝试首先创建所有可能名称的列表并替换它们。
library(qdap)
members <- c("Alexander Dobrindt, Minister for Transport and Digital Infrastructure:","President Dr. Norbert Lammert:")
members_r <- c("@Alexander Dobrindt, Minister for Transport and Digital Infrastructure:","@President Dr. Norbert Lammert:")
prok <- scan(".txt", what = "character", sep = "\n")
prok <- mgsub(members,members_r,prok)
prok <- as.data.frame(prok)
prok$speaker <- grepl("@[^\\@:]*:",prok$prok, ignore.case = T)
我的计划是，如果Speaker == true，则通过正则表达式获取@和:之间的名称，然后向下应用它，直到有另一个名称为止(并明显地删除所有的掌声/喊叫括号)，但这也是我不确定如何使用的名称。我可以做到。
最佳答案
这是一种严重依赖dplyr的方法。
首先，我在示例文本中添加了一个句子，以说明为什么我们不能仅使用冒号来标识发言人姓名。
sampleText <-
"President Dr. Norbert Lammert: I declare the session open.
I will now give the floor to Bundesminister Alexander Dobrindt.
(Applause of CDU/CSU and delegates of the SPD)
Alexander Dobrindt, Minister for Transport and Digital Infrastructure:
Ladies and Gentleman. We will today start the biggest investment in infrastructure that ever existed, with over 270 billion Euro, over 1 000 projects and a clear financing perspective.
(Volker Kauder [CDU/CSU]: Genau!)
(Applause of the CDU/CSU and the SPD)
This sentence right here: it is an example of a problem"
然后，我将文本拆分为模拟您正在阅读时所显示的格式(这也将每个语音都放在列表的一部分中)。
splitText <- strsplit(sampleText, "\n")
然后，我撤出所有潜在的发言者(冒号之前的所有内容)，
allSpeakers <- lapply(splitText, function(thisText){
grep(":", thisText, value = TRUE) %>%
gsub(":.*", "", .) %>%
gsub("\\(", "", .)
}) %>%
unlist() %>%
unique()
这给了我们:
[1] "President Dr. Norbert Lammert"
[2] "Alexander Dobrindt, Minister for Transport and Digital Infrastructure"
[3] "Volker Kauder [CDU/CSU]"
[4] "This sentence right here"
显然，最后一个不是合法名称，因此应排除在我们的发言人名单之外:
legitSpeakers <-
allSpeakers[-4]
现在，我们准备通过演讲进行工作。我在下面添加了逐步注释，而不是在此处进行文字描述
speechText <- lapply(splitText, function(thisText){
# Remove applause and interjections (things in parentheses)
# along with any blank lines; though you could leave blanks if you want
cleanText <-
grep("(^\\(.*\\)$)|(^$)", thisText
, value = TRUE, invert = TRUE)
# Split each line by a semicolor
strsplit(cleanText, ":") %>%
lapply(function(x){
# Check if the first element is a legit speaker
if(x[1] %in% legitSpeakers){
# If so, set the speaker, and put the statement in a separate portion
# taking care to re-collapse any breaks caused by additional colons
out <- data.frame(speaker = x[1]
, text = paste(x[-1], collapse = ":"))
} else{
# If not a legit speaker, set speaker to NA and reset text as above
out <- data.frame(speaker = NA
, text = paste(x, collapse = ":"))
}
# Return whichever version we made above
return(out)
}) %>%
# Bind all of the rows together
bind_rows %>%
# Identify clusters of speech that go with a single speaker
mutate(speakingGroup = cumsum(!is.na(speaker))) %>%
# Group by those clusters
group_by(speakingGroup) %>%
# Collapse that speaking down into a single row
summarise(speaker = speaker[1]
, fullText = paste(text, collapse = "\n"))
})
这产生
[[1]]
speakingGroup speaker fullText
1 President Dr. Norbert Lammert I declare the session open.\nI will now give the floor to Bundesminister Alexander Dobrindt.
2 Alexander Dobrindt, Minister for Transport and Digital Infrastructure Ladies and Gentleman. We will today start the biggest investment in infrastructure that ever existed, with over 270 billion Euro, over 1 000 projects and a clear financing perspective.\nThis sentence right here: it is an example of a problem
如果您希望将文本的每一行分别分开，则用
summarise替换结尾处的mutate(speaker = speaker[1])，您将为语音的每一行获得一行，如下所示:speaker text speakingGroup
President Dr. Norbert Lammert I declare the session open. 1
President Dr. Norbert Lammert I will now give the floor to Bundesminister Alexander Dobrindt. 1
Alexander Dobrindt, Minister for Transport and Digital Infrastructure 2
Alexander Dobrindt, Minister for Transport and Digital Infrastructure Ladies and Gentleman. We will today start the biggest investment in infrastructure that ever existed, with over 270 billion Euro, over 1 000 projects and a clear financing perspective. 2
Alexander Dobrindt, Minister for Transport and Digital Infrastructure This sentence right here: it is an example of a problem 2