python - 在Debian8.7上使用uwsgi/nginx的Django的内部服务器错误

我是服务器技术的初学者，我正在努力将Django应用程序部署到Debian8服务器。
我一直在关注this tutorial，但是我无法启动uWSGI服务，因此我遵循了this recommendation并切换到systemd。
然后，我可以在开发模式下的端口:8000上运行我的应用程序，但无法在浏览器中加载它。

日志说：no python application found, check your startup logs for errors

在日志中此注释上方，它抱怨无法加载whitenoise模块：

File "./testdjango/wsgi.py", line 35, in <module>
    from whitenoise.django import DjangoWhiteNoise

这意味着（如果我没记错的话）它不会加载虚拟环境。

更新

如果我运行uwsgi terminal命令，它将不再起作用
uwsgi --http :8000 --chdir /home/djangouser/testdjango --module testdjango.wsgi:application --env DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=testdjango.settings --home /home/djangouser/Env/myapp_env

我不知道为什么会发生这种情况，不胜感激。

在我将这个问题发布到这里之前，我确实进行了搜索，实际上，最近三天我一直在尝试许多不同的解决方案，但均未成功。因此，我的文件现在看起来很乱。我对此表示歉意。

我使用django 1.8，virtualenvvrapper，名为djangouser的sudo用户，服务器上的文件夹结构如下所示：

-home
  |
  |--djangouser
    |
    |--Env
    |   |--myapp_env
    |
    |--testdjango
       |
       |-- app
       |-- testdjango
       |     |
       |     |-- wsgi.py
       |     |-- settings.py
       |
       |-- uwsgi.ini
       |-- manage.py

/etc/uwsgi/sites/testdjango.ini文件：

[uwsgi]
project = testdjango
base = /home/djangouser

chdir = %(base)/%(project)
home = %(base)/Env/myapp_env
module = %(project).wsgi:application
env = DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=%(project).settings

master = true
processes = 5

socket = %(base)/%(project)/%(project).sock
chmod-socket = 666
vacuum = true

/etc/systemd/system/uwsgi.service文件：

[Unit]
Description=uWSGI Emperor service
After=syslog.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/uwsgi --emperor /etc/uwsgi/sites

Restart=always
KillSignal=SIGQUIT
Type=notify
StandardError=syslog
NotifyAccess=all

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

/etc/nginx/sites-available/testdjango文件：

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name xx.xx.xx.xx myapp.com www.myapp.com;

    location = /favicon.ico { access_log off; log_not_found off; }
    location /static/ {
        root /home/djangouser/testdjango/static/;
    }

    location /media  {
        root /home/djangouser/testdjango/media/;
    }

    location / {
        include         uwsgi_params;
        uwsgi_pass      unix:/home/djangouser/testdjango/testdjango.sock;
    }
}

wsgi.py文件：

import os
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "testdjango.settings")

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
from whitenoise.django import DjangoWhiteNoise
application = DjangoWhiteNoise(get_wsgi_application())

更新2

uwsgi --http :8000 --chdir /home/djangouser/testdjango --module testdjango.wsgi:application --env DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=testdjango.settings --home /home/djangouser/Env/myapp_env
*** Starting uWSGI 2.0.15 (64bit) on [Wed Apr  5 14:48:34 2017] ***
compiled with version: 4.9.2 on 04 April 2017 17:12:38
os: Linux-4.9.7-x86_64-linode80 #2 SMP Thu Feb 2 15:43:55 EST 2017
nodename: xxonexx
machine: x86_64
clock source: unix
detected number of CPU cores: 1
current working directory: /home/djangouser/Env/myapp_env/lib/python2.7/site-packages
detected binary path: /usr/local/bin/uwsgi
!!! no internal routing support, rebuild with pcre support !!!
chdir() to /home/djangouser/testdjango
*** WARNING: you are running uWSGI without its master process manager ***
your processes number limit is 3934
your memory page size is 4096 bytes
detected max file descriptor number: 65536
lock engine: pthread robust mutexes
thunder lock: disabled (you can enable it with --thunder-lock)
uWSGI http bound on :8000 fd 4
spawned uWSGI http 1 (pid: 5293)
uwsgi socket 0 bound to TCP address 127.0.0.1:36933 (port auto-assigned) fd 3
Python version: 2.7.9 (default, Jun 29 2016, 13:11:10)  [GCC 4.9.2]
Set PythonHome to /home/djangouser/Env/myapp_env
*** Python threads support is disabled. You can enable it with --enable-threads ***
Python main interpreter initialized at 0x12036b0
your server socket listen backlog is limited to 100 connections
your mercy for graceful operations on workers is 60 seconds
mapped 72760 bytes (71 KB) for 1 cores
*** Operational MODE: single process ***
HI!
Djangomode is:
None
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./testdjango/wsgi.py", line 38, in <module>
    from whitenoise.django import DjangoWhiteNoise
  File "/home/djangouser/Env/myapp_env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/whitenoise/django.py", line 8, in <module>
    from django.contrib.staticfiles.storage import staticfiles_storage
  File "/home/djangouser/Env/myapp_env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/staticfiles/storage.py", line 12, in <module>
    from django.core.cache import (
  File "/home/djangouser/Env/myapp_env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/cache/__init__.py", line 34, in <module>
    if DEFAULT_CACHE_ALIAS not in settings.CACHES:
  File "/home/djangouser/Env/myapp_env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 48, in __getattr__
    self._setup(name)
  File "/home/djangouser/Env/myapp_env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 44, in _setup
    self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)
  File "/home/djangouser/Env/myapp_env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 92, in __init__
    mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
    __import__(name)
  File "./testdjango/settings.py", line 59, in <module>
    ALLOWED_HOSTS = os.getenv('ALLOWED_HOSTS').split(',')
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'split'
unable to load app 0 (mountpoint='') (callable not found or import error)
*** no app loaded. going in full dynamic mode ***
*** uWSGI is running in multiple interpreter mode ***
spawned uWSGI worker 1 (and the only) (pid: 5292, cores: 1)

最佳答案

在生产环境中，您需要在settings.py中编辑ALLOWED_HOSTS。

The official docs显示以下示例：

ALLOWED_HOSTS = [
    '.example.com',  # Allow domain and subdomains
    '.example.com.',  # Also allow FQDN and subdomains
]

您可能应该遵循/etc/nginx/sites-available/testdjango文件开头中的所有内容。

在开发过程中看不到此原因的原因是，该设置会自动填充“ localhost”，因此它永远不会为空。