示例python版本:3.6
示例中注释详细
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding=utf-8
__author__ = 'Luzhuo'
__date__ = '2017/5/26'
# config_configparser.py 配置文件
# configparser 可以读写和解析注释文件, 但是没有写入注释的功能
import configparser
import re
config_str = '''
# 配置文件信息案例
[DEFAULT]
minSdkVersion = 15
targetSdkVersion = 24
versionName = 1.0.0
server action = yes
[luzhuo.me]
user = luzhuo
# This is a comments.
[mysql]
ip = 127.0.0.1
port = 3306
'''
def config_write():
'''
生成配置文件, 字典的形式添加数据
'''
config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config['DEFAULT'] = {'minSdkVersion': '15',
'targetSdkVersion': '24',
'versionName': '1.0.0',
'server action': 'yes'}
config['luzhuo.me'] = {}
config['luzhuo.me']['user'] = 'luzhuo'
config['mysql'] = {}
topsecret = config['mysql']
topsecret['ip'] = '127.0.0.1'
topsecret['port'] = '3306'
with open('config.ini', 'w') as configfile:
config.write(configfile)
def config_read():
'''
解析配置文件
'''
# 读取
config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('config.ini')
lists_header = config.sections() # 配置组名, ['luzhuo.me', 'mysql'] # 不含'DEFAULT'
print(lists_header)
boolean = 'luzhuo.me' in config # 配置组是否存在
boolean = config.has_section("luzhuo.me")
print(boolean)
user = config['luzhuo.me']['user']
print(user)
mysql = config['mysql']
mysql_ip = mysql['ip']
mysql_port = mysql['port']
print(mysql_ip, ":", mysql_port)
for key in config['luzhuo.me']: # 遍历配置组的key, 与'DEFAULT'组的key
print(key)
# 删除
sec = config.remove_section("luzhuo.me") # 删除
config.write(open("config.ini", "w")) # 写回去
# 添加
config.add_section("web.server")
config.write(open("config.ini", "w"))
# 修改/添加
config.set("web.server", "http", "http://luzhuo.me")
config.write(open("config.ini", "w"))
# 删除key
config.remove_option("mysql", "ip")
config.write(open("config.ini", "w"))
def config_func():
'''
写入的值均为字符串
配合文件的节名称区分大小写, 键不区分大小写(可任意缩进), 注释用'#'和';'(用作整行前缀,可缩进,不推荐行内注释), 值可以跨越多行(要缩进,慎用), 键值分隔符'='和':'
DEFAULT无法移除,试图删除将引发ValueError, clear()保持原样, popitem()不返回
'''
# --- ConfigParser 对象 ---
# 配置解析器, defaults:DEFAULT字典, dict_type:字典类型(默认:有序字典), allow_no_value:True是否接收不带值的选项(值为None),(默认False), delimiters:键值分隔符, comment_prefixes:整行注释符, inline_comment_prefixes:行内注释符(值之后), strict:是否去重:True(默认), empty_lines_in_values:值是否可以多行;(默认True),False(行标记选项的结尾), default_section:默认节的名称'DEFAULT', interpolation:插值, converters:转换器{类型转换器的名称, 从字符串转换所需数据的类型}{'dicimal': decimal.Decimal}
# class configparser.ConfigParser(defaults=None, dict_type=collections.OrderedDict, allow_no_value=False, delimiters=('=', ':'), comment_prefixes=('#', ';'), inline_comment_prefixes=None, strict=True, empty_lines_in_values=True, default_section=configparser.DEFAULTSECT, interpolation=BasicInterpolation(), converters={})
config = configparser.ConfigParser()
# items(raw=False, vars=None) # 所有节(含DEFAULT) ItemsView(section_name, section_proxy)(可遍历对象)
ItemsView = config.items()
dicts = config.defaults() # DEFAULT字典
lists = config.sections() # 可用的节列表(不含DEFAULT)
# has_section(section) # 是否存在该节
boolean = config.has_section("mysql")
lists = config.options("mysql") # 指定节的选项列表(含DEFAULT)
boolean = config.has_option("mysql", "ip") # 是否存在指定节的选项
# read(filenames, encoding=None) # 尝试读取和解析文件名列表(不存在则忽略), 加载初始值调用read_file()要在read()之前调用
config.read("config.ini", encoding="utf-8-sig") # windows下用记事本保存utf8格式要用utf-8-sig编码集
# read_file(f, source=None) # 从f读取和解析配置数据, source:文件名
config.read_file(open('config.ini', encoding="utf-8-sig"))
# read_string(string, source='<string>') # 从字符串解析配置数据
config.read_string(config_str)
# read_dict(dictionary, source='<dict>') # 读取字典
config.read_dict({'section1': {'key1': 'value1',
'key2': 'value2'},
'section2': {'key3': 'value3',
'key4': 'value4'}
})
# get(section, option, *, raw=False, vars=None[, fallback]) # 获取指定节的选项值, fallback:为找到选项时的返回值
data_str = config.get("mysql", "ip", fallback=None)
# getint(section, option, *, raw=False, vars=None[, fallback]) # 获取整数(选项的值强转为整数)
data_int = config.getint("mysql", "port", fallback=-1)
# getfloat(section, option, *, raw=False, vars=None[, fallback])
data = float = config.getfloat("mysql", "port", fallback=-1)
# getboolean(section, option, *, raw=False, vars=None[, fallback])
data_bool = config.getboolean("DEFAULT", "server action", fallback=False) # 获取布尔值,不区分大小写,识别'yes'/'no','on'/'off','true'/'false','1'/'0'
# write(fileobject, space_around_delimiters=True) # 将配置写入文件, space_around_delimiters:是否用空格分隔键值之间
config.write(open("config.ini", "w", encoding="utf-8"))
# add_section(section) # 添加节, 节重复DuplicateSectionError, 与默认节重复ValueError, 不是字符串TypeError
config.add_section("server.luzhuo.me")
# remove_section(section) # 删除节, 存在True,不存在False
boolean = config.remove_section("server.luzhuo.me")
# set(section, option, value) # 给指定的节设置值, 节不存在NoSectionError, option和value:选项和值为字符串,否则TypeError
config.set("server.luzhuo.me", "ip", "127.0.0.1")
# remove_option(section, option) # 删除选型, 不存在节NoSectionError, 选项存在True,不存在False
boolean = config.remove_option("server.luzhuo.me", "ip")
# optionxform(option) # 子类重写该方法, 或 config.optionxform = str(str区分大小写) 修改, 用于选项名称转为在内部结构中使用的实现
configparser.MAX_INTERPOLATION_DEPTH # 使用默认插值时, 当raw=false,get()递归插值的最大深度
config.clear() # 所有节都包含'DEFAULT'值,对节的清空不会删除'DEFAULT'值
config.BOOLEAN_STATES.update({'enabled': True, 'disabled': False}) # 自定义boolean的判断
config.SECTCRE = re.compile(r"\[ *(?P<header>[^]]+?) *\]") # 自定义节头的编译与解析的正则表达式(去除左右空格)
# --- 异常 ---
try: pass
except configparser.Error: pass # configparser异常的基类
except configparser.NoSectionError: pass # 未找到指定节
except configparser.DuplicateSectionError: pass # 节重复
except configparser.DuplicateOptionError: pass # 选项重复
except configparser.NoOptionError: pass # 未找到指定选项
except configparser.InterpolationError: pass # 插值异常的基类
except configparser.InterpolationDepthError: pass # 迭代次数超过MAX_INTERPOLATION_DEPTH
except configparser.InterpolationMissingOptionError: pass # 选项不存在
except configparser.InterpolationSyntaxError: pass # 替换源文本不符合语法
except configparser.MissingSectionHeaderError: pass # 没有节头
except configparser.ParsingError: pass # 解析文件错误
if __name__ == "__main__":
config_write()
config_read()
# config_func()