python - 用一组方法和属性(包装器)扩展独立的类

我的目标是创建一个通过一组功能扩展不同类的类。
在下面的代码中，我能够创建该问题的解决方案，但是在我看来，这并不是解决问题的方法。

要求：
-基本类别（猫，狗）无法更改。
-具有附加功能（Pet_Dog，Pet_Cat）的类应具有最少的代码量，因为我只需要很小的改动就可以使用很多它们。
-我需要能够导入BaseClasses（Cat，Dog）以及增强的类（Pet_Dog，Pet_Cat）。

到目前为止，我的“解决方案”是：

class Cat:
    def __init__(self, legs):
        self.legs = 4
        self.lives = 9

    def make_sound(self):
        print('Meow!')

class Dog:
    def __init__(self, legs):
        self.legs = 4
        self.hobby = 'Digging holes'

    def make_sound(self):
        print('Woof!')

    def chase_tail(self):
        print('Chasing tail')

def create_pet(BaseClass):
    class Pet(BaseClass):
        has_owner = True
        def __init__(self, name, legs):
            super().__init__(legs)
            self.name = name

        def plays_with_owner(self):
            print('playing with owner...')
    return Pet


class Pet_Dog(Dog):
    def __init__(self, BaseClass, name, legs):
        self.__class__ = create_pet(BaseClass)(name, legs).__class__
        self.__init__(name, legs)


class Pet_Cat(Cat):
    def __init__(self, BaseClass, name, legs):
        self.__class__ = create_pet(BaseClass)(name, legs).__class__
        self.__init__(name, legs)


print('Create Pet Dog')
pet_dog = Pet_Dog(Dog, 'Woofer', 4)
print('Dog Name:', pet_dog.name)
print('Dog Lives:', pet_dog.hobby)
print('Dog Owner:', pet_dog.has_owner)
pet_dog.make_sound()
pet_dog.chase_tail()
pet_dog.plays_with_owner()

最佳答案

在Python中，您可以具有从多个其他类继承的类，因此我们可以创建一个Cat和Dog类，以及一个单独的Pet类。然后，我们可以使Pet_Cat和Pet_Dog从Pet及其各自的动物继承，即：

class Cat:
    def __init__(self, legs):
        self.legs = legs
        self.lives = 9

    def make_sound(self):
        print('Meow!')

class Dog:
    def __init__(self, legs):
        self.legs = legs
        self.hobby = 'Digging holes'

    def make_sound(self):
        print('Woof!')

    def chase_tail(self):
        print('Chasing tail')

class Pet:
    has_owner = True
    name = None

    def plays_with_owner(self):
        print('playing with owner...')

class Pet_Dog(Dog, Pet):
    def __init__(self, name, legs):
        super().__init__(legs)
        self.name = name

class Pet_Cat(Cat, Pet):
    def __init__(self, name, legs):
        super().__init__(legs)
        self.name = name


print('Create Pet Dog')
pet_dog = Pet_Dog('Woofer', 4)
print('Dog Name:', pet_dog.name)
print('Dog Lives:', pet_dog.hobby)
print('Dog Owner:', pet_dog.has_owner)
pet_dog.make_sound()
pet_dog.chase_tail()
pet_dog.plays_with_owner()

输出：

Create Pet Dog
Dog Name: Woofer
Dog Lives: Digging holes
Dog Owner: True
Woof!
Chasing tail
playing with owner...

编辑：

如果要在两个函数上都使用init函数，请改用此方法：

class Cat:
    def __init__(self, legs):
        self.legs = legs
        self.lives = 9

    def make_sound(self):
        print('Meow!')

class Dog:
    def __init__(self, legs):
        self.legs = legs
        self.hobby = 'Digging holes'

    def make_sound(self):
        print('Woof!')

    def chase_tail(self):
        print('Chasing tail')

class Pet:
    def __init__(self):
        self.has_owner = True
        self.name = None

    def plays_with_owner(self):
        print('playing with owner...')

class Pet_Dog(Dog, Pet):
    def __init__(self, name, legs):
        Dog.__init__(self, legs)
        Pet.__init__(self)

        self.name = name

class Pet_Cat(Cat, Pet):
    def __init__(self, name, legs):
        Cat.__init__(self, legs)
        Pet.__init__(self)

        self.name = name

关于python - 用一组方法和属性(包装器)扩展独立的类，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/59543322/