因此,我试图在我的应用程序中创建一个片段,其中包含一个使用appcompat活动的工具栏(作为操作栏),这样我就可以在多个视图中重用它。
我已经测试了一个简单的纯文本片段,使用了一个只扩展片段的类,并让它正常工作,但是要包含一个工具栏,我需要在视图中扩展appcompatactivity(我想)。
当我试图让它工作时,我得到一个错误,它说我的action_bar_fragment不是Fragment
我觉得我错过了一些基本的东西。有什么想法吗?
主要活动:

package com.example.aaron.personaldataassistant;

import android.support.v7.app.ActionBar;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar;
import android.view.MenuInflater;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

       // action_bar_fragment = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.action_bar_fragment);
       // setSupportActionBar(action_bar_fragment);
    }


    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {

        MenuInflater mi=getMenuInflater();
        mi.inflate(R.menu.action_bar, menu);
        return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
    }

主要活动布局:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:id="@+id/activity_main"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context="com.example.aaron.personaldataassistant.MainActivity">


    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/action_bar_fragment"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        class="com.example.aaron.personaldataassistant.action_bar_fragment"
        tools:layout="@layout/action_bar_fragment" />

</LinearLayout>

动作条碎片:
package com.example.aaron.personaldataassistant;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuInflater;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class action_bar_fragment extends AppCompatActivity {

    public action_bar_fragment() {
    }

    Toolbar action_bar;

    @Nullable

    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.action_bar_fragment, container, false);

    }


        @Override
        protected void onCreate (Bundle savedInstanceState){
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.action_bar_fragment);


            action_bar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.action_bar);
            setSupportActionBar(action_bar);
        }



    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {

        MenuInflater mi = getMenuInflater();
        mi.inflate(R.menu.action_bar, menu);
        return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
    }


    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {

        int i = item.getItemId();

        if (i == R.id.item1) {

            Toast.makeText(action_bar_fragment.this, "Item 1", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        } else if (i == R.id.item2) {

            Toast.makeText(action_bar_fragment.this, "Item 2", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        } else if (i == R.id.item3) {

            Toast.makeText(action_bar_fragment.this, "Item 3", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
//replace toasts with desired actions: Settings, Help and Exit. Settigns is blank, help is context-dependent, exit gives possibility to exit


        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }


}

片段布局:
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    tools:context="layout.Fragment_1">

    <!-- TODO: Update blank fragment layout -->
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:text="@string/hello_blank_fragment" />

    <android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
        android:id="@+id/action_bar"
        android:layout_width="300dp"
        android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
        android:background="?attr/colorPrimaryDark"
        android:elevation="8dp"
        android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.ActionBar"
        app:popupTheme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light"
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_alignParentStart="true"
        />

</FrameLayout>

当然还有错误信息:
  --------- beginning of crash
E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
                  Process: com.example.aaron.personaldataassistant, PID: 2481
                  java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{com.example.aaron.personaldataassistant/com.example.aaron.personaldataassistant.MainActivity}: android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #19: Binary XML file line #19: Error inflating class fragment
                      at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2646)
                      at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2707)
                      at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap12(ActivityThread.java)
                      at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1460)
                      at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
                      at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154)
                      at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6077)
                      at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
                      at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:865)
                      at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:755)
                   Caused by: android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #19: Binary XML file line #19: Error inflating class fragment
                   Caused by: android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #19: Error inflating class fragment
                   Caused by: android.app.Fragment$InstantiationException: Trying to instantiate a class com.example.aaron.personaldataassistant.action_bar_fragment that is not a Fragment
                      at android.app.Fragment.instantiate(Fragment.java:617)
                      at android.app.Fragment.instantiate(Fragment.java:593)
                      at android.app.FragmentManagerImpl.onCreateView(FragmentManager.java:2302)
                      at android.app.FragmentController.onCreateView(FragmentController.java:98)
                      at android.app.Activity.onCreateView(Activity.java:5884)
                      at android.support.v4.app.BaseFragmentActivityHoneycomb.onCreateView(BaseFragmentActivityHoneycomb.java:36)
                      at android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity.onCreateView(FragmentActivity.java:75)
                      at android.view.LayoutInflater.createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java:777)
                      at android.view.LayoutInflater.createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java:727)
                      at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflate(LayoutInflater.java:858)
                      at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflateChildren(LayoutInflater.java:821)
                      at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:518)
                      at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:426)
                      at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:377)
                      at android.support.v7.app.AppCompatDelegateImplV9.setContentView(AppCompatDelegateImplV9.java:284)
                      at android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity.setContentView(AppCompatActivity.java:140)
                      at com.example.aaron.personaldataassistant.MainActivity.onCreate(MainActivity.java:24)
                      at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:6662)
                      at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1118)
                      at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2599)
                      at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2707)
                      at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap12(ActivityThread.java)
                      at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1460)
                      at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
                      at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154)
                      at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6077)
                      at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
                      at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:865)
                      at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:755)
                   Caused by: java.lang.ClassCastException
                      at android.app.Fragment.instantiate(Fragment.java:618)
                      at android.app.Fragment.instantiate(Fragment.java:593) 
                      at android.app.FragmentManagerImpl.onCreateView(FragmentManager.java:2302) 
                      at android.app.FragmentController.onCreateView(FragmentController.java:98) 
                      at android.app.Activity.onCreateView(Activity.java:5884) 
                      at android.support.v4.app.BaseFragmentActivityHoneycomb.onCreateView(BaseFragmentActivityHoneycomb.java:36) 
                      at android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity.onCreateView(FragmentActivity.java:75) 
                      at android.view.LayoutInflater.createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java:777) 
                      at android.view.LayoutInflater.createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java:727) 
                      at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflate(LayoutInflater.java:858) 
                      at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflateChildren(LayoutInflater.java:821) 
                      at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:518) 
                      at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:426) 
                      at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:377) 
                      at android.support.v7.app.AppCompatDelegateImplV9.setContentView(AppCompatDelegateImplV9.java:284) 
                      at android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity.setContentView(AppCompatActivity.java:140) 
                      at com.example.aaron.personaldataassistant.MainActivity.onCreate(MainActivity.java:24) 
                      at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:6662) 
                      at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1118) 
                      at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2599) 
                      at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2707) 
                      at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap12(ActivityThread.java) 
                      at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1460) 
                      at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102) 
                      at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154) 
                      at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6077) 
                      at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) 
                      at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:865) 
                      at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:755) 
Application terminated.

谢谢你抽出时间。
更新
这很好,最重要的答案帮助我发现,在片段中做事情可能需要不同的方法,而不是在活动中做。在谷歌上搜索“我如何在一个片段中做X”,结果几乎给了我所需要的一切。现在只剩下一个问题:我将操作栏片段行37更改为
setHasOptionsMenu(true);
action_bar = (Toolbar) getView().findViewById(R.id.action_bar);

这给了我一个空对象引用,但是布局肯定存在!知道怎么回事吗?
错误消息的相关部分是:
 Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'android.view.View android.view.View.findViewById(int)' on a null object reference

很抱歉给你回电话耽搁了很久,我有工作。这次应该快一点!
我也将澄清我对你答复的评论。

最佳答案

这是因为您想要的片段不是片段而是活动,其中:

action_bar_fragment extends AppCompatActivity {

}

是一个活动,因此应该使用片段扩展action_bar_fragment
action_bar_fragment extends Fragment {

}

请更改代码样式,其中action_bar_fragment应该类似于ActionBarFragment。类名应该以大写开头。
请阅读Creating and Using Fragments

10-07 12:45
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