c# - 无法将生成的带有私钥的证书导出到.NET 4.0/4.5中的字节数组

我需要将生成的带有私钥的证书导入和导出到字节数组，以及从中导入证书，除非使用.NET Framework 4.0和4.5，否则我没有任何问题。我正在使用BouncyCastle库生成自签名证书，然后将其转换为.NET格式(X509Certificate2对象)。不幸的是，升级到最新框架后，我无法导出私钥。这是代码:

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Asn1.X509;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Generators;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Prng;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Math;
using Org.BouncyCastle.Security;
using Org.BouncyCastle.X509;

namespace X509CertificateExport
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var certificate = Generate();
            var exported = certificate.Export(X509ContentType.Pfx);
            var imported = new X509Certificate2(exported, (string)null, X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable | X509KeyStorageFlags.PersistKeySet);

            Console.WriteLine("Certificate has private key: " + imported.HasPrivateKey);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        public static X509Certificate2 Generate()
        {
            var keyPairGenerator = new RsaKeyPairGenerator();
            var secureRandom = new SecureRandom(new CryptoApiRandomGenerator());
            keyPairGenerator.Init(new KeyGenerationParameters(secureRandom, 1024));
            var keyPair = keyPairGenerator.GenerateKeyPair();
            var publicKey = keyPair.Public;
            var privateKey = (RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters)keyPair.Private;

            var generator = new X509V3CertificateGenerator();
            generator.SetSerialNumber(BigInteger.ProbablePrime(120, new Random()));
            generator.SetSubjectDN(new X509Name("CN=Test"));
            generator.SetIssuerDN(new X509Name("CN=Test"));
            generator.SetNotAfter(DateTime.Now + new TimeSpan(10, 10, 10, 10));
            generator.SetNotBefore(DateTime.Now.Subtract(new TimeSpan(7, 0, 0, 0)));
            generator.SetSignatureAlgorithm("MD5WithRSA");
            generator.SetPublicKey(publicKey);

            var newCert = generator.Generate(privateKey);
            var dotNetPrivateKey = ToDotNetKey(privateKey);
            var dotNetCert = new X509Certificate2(DotNetUtilities.ToX509Certificate(newCert));
            dotNetCert.PrivateKey = dotNetPrivateKey;

            return dotNetCert;
        }

        public static AsymmetricAlgorithm ToDotNetKey(RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters privateKey)
        {
            var rsaProvider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
            var parameters = new RSAParameters
            {
                Modulus = privateKey.Modulus.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
                P = privateKey.P.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
                Q = privateKey.Q.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
                DP = privateKey.DP.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
                DQ = privateKey.DQ.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
                InverseQ = privateKey.QInv.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
                D = privateKey.Exponent.ToByteArrayUnsigned(),
                Exponent = privateKey.PublicExponent.ToByteArrayUnsigned()
            };

            rsaProvider.ImportParameters(parameters);
            return rsaProvider;
        }
    }
}

仔细查看生成的证书后，我发现Private.NET Framework 3.5对PrivateKey.CspKeyContainerInfo.Exportable标志为true，但对于更高版本，它会抛出:

'Exportable' threw an exception of type
'System.Security.Cryptography.CryptographicException' / Key does not exist

我看到的唯一区别是在PrivateKey.CspKeyContainerInfo.m_parameters.Flags中:
.NET 3.5-'NoFlags';
.NET 4.5-'CreateEphemeralKey'。
文档指出，“CreateEphemeralKey”创建一个临时 key ，当关联的RSA对象关闭时，该临时 key 将释放。它是在4.0框架中引入的，以前不存在。我试图通过显式创建CspParameters摆脱此标志:

public static AsymmetricAlgorithm ToDotNetKey(RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters privateKey)
{
    var cspParams = new CspParameters
    {
        Flags = CspProviderFlags.UseMachineKeyStore
    };

    var rsaProvider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(cspParams);
    // ...

但没有运气。无论如何都添加了'CreateEphemeralKey'，因此我得到了UseMachineKeyStore | CreateEphemeralKey标志，但看不到如何删除它。有没有办法我可以忽略此标志并正常导出带有私钥的证书？

最佳答案

我没有注意到CspKeyContainerInfo.CspParameters.KeyContainerName在.NET 4.0和.NET 4.5中创建键后为空，但是它是在.NET 3.5中自动生成的。我为容器设置了唯一的名称，现在可以导出私钥了。

public static AsymmetricAlgorithm ToDotNetKey(RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters privateKey)
{
    var cspParams = new CspParameters
    {
          KeyContainerName = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(),
          KeyNumber = (int)KeyNumber.Exchange,
          Flags = CspProviderFlags.UseMachineKeyStore
    };

    var rsaProvider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(cspParams);
    // ...

关于c# - 无法将生成的带有私钥的证书导出到.NET 4.0/4.5中的字节数组，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16419911/