我对转换对象类型有些困惑。给出以下示例:
public class Test() {
public void method1() { System.out.println("Method 1");
public void method2() { System.out.println("Method 2");
}
public class Test1() extends Test{
@Override public void method1() { System.out.println("Method 11");
@Override public void method2() { System.out.println("Method 22");
public void method 3() { System.out.println("Method 3");
public static void main(String[] args) {
Test a = new Test1();
a.method1(); //method invokes the overridden method1() of Test1, not Test the superclass
a.method2(); //method invokes the overridden method2() of Test1, not Test the superclass
a.method3(); //error, must cast == ((Test1)a).method3();
}
}
我感到困惑的是,当我调用method1和method2时,编译器或JVM能够调用派生类或子类的方法,那么为什么仍需要向下转换/转换才能调用method3()?
我尝试重载超类的method1和method2,而不是重写它;在允许您调用重载的方法之前,编译器/ JVM将要求您转换对象引用变量。那么,这意味着没有向下转换,您只能调用超类的方法以及子类中定义的重写方法吗?
最佳答案
您的引用a
是Test
类型,但是method3
在Test
中不存在。
Test a = new Test1();
// ^-reference ^-object
// type type
规则:
引用类型告诉我们哪些方法可见。
对象类型告诉我们考虑了哪些可见方法的实现。
这是我能想到的最基本的例子之一:
public class Animal
{
public void speak()
{
System.out.println("BLARGHGH");
}
}
public class Dog extends Animal
{
@Override
public void speak()
{
System.out.println("Woof");
}
}
public class Cat extends Animal
{
@Override
public void speak()
{
System.out.println("Meow");
}
public void throwUpFurball()
{
System.out.println("So fluffy!");
}
}
public class Test()
{
public static void main(final String args[])
{
Animal animal1 = new Animal();
animal1.speak(); // BLARGHGH
animal1.throwUpFurball(); // Compilation error - method not found. It will ask for casting
Animal animal2 = new Cat();
animal2.speak(); // Meow
((Cat)animal2).throwUpFurball(); // Must be cast, because throwUpFurball does not exist in Animal
Animal animal3 = new Dog();
animal3.speak(); // Woof
((Cat)animal3).throwUpFurball(); // Compiles, but throws ClassCastException at runtime, because the object type of animal3 is Dog
Cat animal4 = new Cat();
animal4.speak(); // Meow
animal4.throwUpFurball(); // No casting necessary, because animal4 is of type Cat
Object animal5 = new Animal();
animal5.speak(); // Again, compilation problem. The type Object does not contain the speak() API, so it will require casting.
}
}
关于java - 转换对象类型,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20826028/