我有以下示例:
class bounds
{
private StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder();
public <Type> void add (Type value)
{
add_specific (value);
str.append (String.format("%n"));
}
private <Type extends Number> void add_specific (Type value)
{
str.append (value);
}
public String toString () { return str.toString(); }
public static void main (String[] args)
{
bounds test = new bounds();
test.add (new Integer (42));
System.out.print (test.toString());
}
}
当我尝试编译它时,出现以下错误:
bounds.java:7: error: method add_specific in class bounds cannot be applied to given types; add_specific (value); ^ required: Type#1 found: Type#2 reason: inferred type does not conform to declared bound(s) inferred: Type#2 bound(s): Number where Type#1,Type#2 are type-variables: Type#1 extends Number declared in method add_specific(Type#1) Type#2 extends Object declared in method add(Type#2) 1 error
This looks to me as if the original type of the argument passed to the add
method gets lost in the body of add
. How can I preserve the type so that the correct add_specific
method can be chosen?
Update
I have simplified my example, because I thought it would be easier to understand. But it seems to me that most people do not understand the reason why it contains a generic and a specific function. So I paste a more advanced example. Maybe this makes the reasons more obvious:
import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
class bounds
{
private StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder();
public <Type> void add (Type value)
{
add_specific (value);
str.append (String.format("%n"));
}
private <Type extends Number> void add_specific (Type value)
{
str.append (value);
}
private void add_specific (String value)
{
str.append ('"');
for (int i = 0; i < value.length(); i++) {
char ch = value.charAt(i);
switch (ch) {
case '\\': str.append ("\\\\"); break;
case '"': str.append ("\\\""); break;
default: str.append (ch);
}
}
str.append ('"');
}
private static DateFormat iso8601
= new SimpleDateFormat("'\"'yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ssZ'\"'");
private void add_specific (Date date)
{
str.append (iso8601.format(date));
}
public String toString ()
{
return str.toString();
}
public static void main (String[] args)
{
bounds test = new bounds();
test.add (new Integer (42));
test.add ("42");
test.add (new Date());
System.out.print (test.toString());
}
}
我有一个称为
add
的通用函数。该通用函数执行通用操作,并调用特定函数执行特定操作。问题在于,用于选择特定功能的类型在通用功能中丢失了。问题是如何解决这个问题?如何编写通用函数,以便仍然可以在通用函数的主体中选择正确的特定函数? 最佳答案
在我看来,好像传递给add方法的参数的原始类型在add
的正文中丢失了。
好吧,类型擦除意味着Type
在执行时不会被知道,但这不是您遇到编译时错误的直接原因。您可以使用任何类型调用add
-而只能使用与add_specific
兼容的类型调用Number
。因此,例如,请考虑:
// TODO: Fix your naming to meet Java naming conventions
bounds b = new bounds();
b.<String>add("foo");
您希望如何呼叫
add_specific
? String
不扩展Number
。(顺便说一句,命名类型参数
Type
也是一个很糟糕的主意-将它与java.lang.reflect.Type
混淆太容易了。)选项:
在
extends Number
中添加绑定到Type
的add
删除
Type
中add_specific
的边界编辑:好的,听起来您只给了我们一半的图片-您希望基于
Type
在执行时执行重载解析。这是行不通的,有两个原因:Java总是在编译时执行重载解析
类型擦除意味着在执行时不存在任何信息,因此无论如何都不能做出过载决策。如果需要这些信息,则需要另一个
Class<Type>
类型的参数。关于java - 如何在Java中保留类型变量的原始类型?,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19251576/