我正在为供应商提供的本地服务建模(在Postgres 9.6.1/postGIS 2.3.1中):
create table supplier (
id serial primary key,
name text not null check (char_length(title) < 280),
type service_type,
duration interval,
...
geo_position geography(POINT,4326)
...
);
每个供应商都有一个日历,上面有他/她可以预订的时间段:
create table timeslot (
id serial primary key,
supplier_id integer not null references supplier(id),
slot tstzrange not null,
constraint supplier_overlapping_timeslot_not_allowed
exclude using gist (supplier_id with =, slot with &&)
);
因为当客户想知道在某个时间附近有哪些供应商可以预订时,我会创建一个视图和一个函数:
create view supplier_slots as
select
supplier.name, supplier.type, supplier.geo_position, supplier.duration, ...
timeslot.slot
from
supplier, timeslot
where
supplier.id = timeslot.supplier_id;
create function find_suppliers(wantedType service_type, near_latitude text, near_longitude text, at_time timestamptz)
returns setof supplier_slots as $$
declare
nearpoint geography;
begin
nearpoint := ST_GeographyFromText('SRID=4326;POINT(' || near_latitude || ' ' || near_longitude || ')');
return query
select * from supplier_slots
where type = wantedType
and tstzrange(at_time, at_time + duration) <@ slot
order by ST_Distance( nearpoint, geo_position )
limit 100;
end;
$$ language plpgsql;
所有这些都很有效。
现在,对于在请求的时间没有可预订时间段的供应商,我希望找到他们最近的可用时间段,在请求的
at_time
之前和之后,也按距离排序。我脑子有点乱,找不到合适的接线员给我最近的tsrange。
有什么好办法吗?
最佳答案
解决办法取决于你想要什么的确切定义。
架构
我建议使用这些稍作修改的表定义,以简化任务、增强完整性并提高性能:
CREATE TABLE supplier (
supplier_id serial PRIMARY KEY,
supplier text NOT NULL CHECK (length(title) < 280),
type service_type,
duration interval,
geo_position geography(POINT,4326)
);
CREATE TABLE timeslot (
timeslot_id serial PRIMARY KEY,
supplier_id integer NOT NULL -- references supplier(id),
slot_a timestamptz NOT NULL,
slot_z timestamptz NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT timeslot_range_valid CHECK (slot_a < slot_z)
CONSTRAINT timeslot_no_overlapping
EXCLUDE USING gist (supplier_id WITH =, tstzrange(slot_a, slot_z) WITH &&)
);
CREATE INDEX timeslot_slot_z ON timeslot (supplier_id, slot_z);
CREATE INDEX supplier_geo_position_gist ON supplier USING gist (geo_position);
保存两个
timestamptz
列slot_a
和slot_z
而不是tstzrange
列slot
-并相应地调整约束。这将自动将所有范围视为默认的包含下限和排除上限,从而避免了角点大小写错误/头痛。附带好处:2
timestamptz
只有16个字节,而tstzrange
只有25个字节(32个带填充)。您可能对
slot
有过的所有查询都将继续使用tstzrange(slot_a, slot_z)
作为替换项。在
(supplier_id, slot_z)
上为手头的查询添加索引。以及
supplier.geo_position
上的空间索引(您可能已经有了)。根据
type
中的数据分布,查询中常见类型的两个部分索引可能有助于提高性能:CREATE INDEX supplier_geo_type_foo_gist ON supplier USING gist (geo_position)
WHERE supplier = 'foo'::service_type;
查询/功能
此查询查找提供正确
service_type
(示例中为100)的X个最接近的供应商,每个供应商都有一个最接近的匹配时隙(由到时隙开始的时间距离定义)。我把这个和实际匹配的插槽结合起来,这可能是您需要的,也可能不是您需要的。CREATE FUNCTION f_suppliers_nearby(_type service_type, _lat text, _lon text, at_time timestamptz)
RETURNS TABLE (supplier_id int
, name text
, duration interval
, geo_position geography(POINT,4326)
, distance float
, timeslot_id int
, slot_a timestamptz
, slot_z timestamptz
, time_dist interval
) AS
$func$
WITH sup_nearby AS ( -- find matching or later slot
SELECT s.id, s.name, s.duration, s.geo_position
, ST_Distance(ST_GeographyFromText('SRID=4326;POINT(' || _lat || ' ' || _lon || ')')
, geo_position) AS distance
, t.timeslot_id, t.slot_a, t.slot_z
, CASE WHEN t.slot_a IS NOT NULL
THEN GREATEST(t.slot_a - at_time, interval '0') END AS time_dist
FROM supplier s
LEFT JOIN LATERAL (
SELECT *
FROM timeslot
WHERE supplier_id = supplier_id
AND slot_z > at_time + s.duration -- excl. upper bound
ORDER BY slot_z
LIMIT 1
) t ON true
WHERE s.type = _type
ORDER BY s.distance
LIMIT 100
)
SELECT *
FROM (
SELECT DISTINCT ON (supplier_id) * -- 1 slot per supplier
FROM (
TABLE sup_nearby -- matching or later slot
UNION ALL -- earlier slot
SELECT s.id, s.name, s.duration, s.geo_position
, s.distance
, t.timeslot_id, t.slot_a, t.slot_z
, GREATEST(at_time - t.slot_a, interval '0') AS time_dist
FROM sup_nearby s
CROSS JOIN LATERAL ( -- this time CROSS JOIN!
SELECT *
FROM timeslot
WHERE supplier_id = s.supplier_id
AND slot_z <= at_time -- excl. upper bound
ORDER BY slot_z DESC
LIMIT 1
) t
WHERE s.time_dist IS DISTINCT FROM interval '0' -- exact matches are done
) sub
ORDER BY supplier_id, time_dist -- pick temporally closest slot per supplier
) sub
ORDER BY time_dist, distance; -- matches first, ordered by distance; then misses, ordered by time distance
$func$ LANGUAGE sql;
我没有使用您的视图
supplier_slots
而是优化了性能。看风景还是很方便的。您可以包含tstzrange(slot_a, slot_z) AS slot
以实现向后兼容性。查找100个最近供应商的基本查询是教科书中的“K近邻”问题。GiST索引对此很有效。相关:
How do I query all rows within a 5-mile radius of my coordinates?
额外的任务(找到时间上最近的槽)可以分成两个任务:找到下一个较高的行和下一个较低的行。该解决方案的核心特点是有两个子查询
ORDER BY slot_z LIMIT 1
和ORDER BY slot_z DESC LIMIT 1
,这两个子查询将导致两次非常快速的索引扫描。我把第一个和寻找实际匹配结合起来,这是一个(聪明的,我认为)优化,但可能会分散对实际解决方案的注意力。
关于sql - Postgres:如何从范围之外的时间戳中找到最接近的tsrange?,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41208541/