我正在为供应商提供的本地服务建模(在Postgres 9.6.1/postGIS 2.3.1中):

create table supplier (
    id                serial primary key,
    name              text not null check (char_length(title) < 280),
    type              service_type,
    duration          interval,
    ...
    geo_position      geography(POINT,4326)
    ...
);

每个供应商都有一个日历,上面有他/她可以预订的时间段:
create table timeslot (
    id                 serial primary key,
    supplier_id        integer not null references supplier(id),
    slot               tstzrange not null,

    constraint supplier_overlapping_timeslot_not_allowed
    exclude using gist (supplier_id with =, slot with &&)
);

因为当客户想知道在某个时间附近有哪些供应商可以预订时,我会创建一个视图和一个函数:
create view supplier_slots as
    select
        supplier.name, supplier.type, supplier.geo_position, supplier.duration, ...
        timeslot.slot
    from
        supplier, timeslot
    where
        supplier.id = timeslot.supplier_id;


create function find_suppliers(wantedType service_type, near_latitude text, near_longitude text, at_time timestamptz)
returns setof supplier_slots as $$
declare
    nearpoint geography;
begin
    nearpoint := ST_GeographyFromText('SRID=4326;POINT(' || near_latitude || ' ' || near_longitude || ')');
    return query
        select * from supplier_slots
        where type = wantedType
            and tstzrange(at_time, at_time + duration) <@ slot
        order by ST_Distance( nearpoint, geo_position )
        limit 100;
end;
$$ language plpgsql;

所有这些都很有效。
现在,对于在请求的时间没有可预订时间段的供应商,我希望找到他们最近的可用时间段,在请求的at_time之前和之后,也按距离排序。
我脑子有点乱,找不到合适的接线员给我最近的tsrange。
有什么好办法吗?

最佳答案

解决办法取决于你想要什么的确切定义。
架构
我建议使用这些稍作修改的表定义,以简化任务、增强完整性并提高性能:

CREATE TABLE supplier (
   supplier_id  serial PRIMARY KEY,
   supplier     text NOT NULL CHECK (length(title) < 280),
   type         service_type,
   duration     interval,
   geo_position geography(POINT,4326)
);

CREATE TABLE timeslot (
   timeslot_id  serial PRIMARY KEY,
   supplier_id  integer NOT NULL -- references supplier(id),
   slot_a       timestamptz NOT NULL,
   slot_z       timestamptz NOT NULL,
   CONSTRAINT   timeslot_range_valid CHECK (slot_a < slot_z)
   CONSTRAINT   timeslot_no_overlapping
     EXCLUDE USING gist (supplier_id WITH =, tstzrange(slot_a, slot_z) WITH &&)
);

CREATE INDEX timeslot_slot_z ON timeslot (supplier_id, slot_z);
CREATE INDEX supplier_geo_position_gist ON supplier USING gist (geo_position);

保存两个timestamptzslot_aslot_z而不是tstzrangeslot-并相应地调整约束。这将自动将所有范围视为默认的包含下限和排除上限,从而避免了角点大小写错误/头痛。
附带好处:2timestamptz只有16个字节,而tstzrange只有25个字节(32个带填充)。
您可能对slot有过的所有查询都将继续使用tstzrange(slot_a, slot_z)作为替换项。
(supplier_id, slot_z)上为手头的查询添加索引。
以及supplier.geo_position上的空间索引(您可能已经有了)。
根据type中的数据分布,查询中常见类型的两个部分索引可能有助于提高性能:
CREATE INDEX supplier_geo_type_foo_gist ON supplier USING gist (geo_position)
WHERE supplier = 'foo'::service_type;

查询/功能
此查询查找提供正确service_type(示例中为100)的X个最接近的供应商,每个供应商都有一个最接近的匹配时隙(由到时隙开始的时间距离定义)。我把这个和实际匹配的插槽结合起来,这可能是您需要的,也可能不是您需要的。
CREATE FUNCTION f_suppliers_nearby(_type service_type, _lat text, _lon text, at_time timestamptz)
  RETURNS TABLE (supplier_id  int
               , name         text
               , duration     interval
               , geo_position geography(POINT,4326)
               , distance     float
               , timeslot_id  int
               , slot_a       timestamptz
               , slot_z       timestamptz
               , time_dist    interval
   ) AS
$func$
   WITH sup_nearby AS (  -- find matching or later slot
      SELECT s.id, s.name, s.duration, s.geo_position
           , ST_Distance(ST_GeographyFromText('SRID=4326;POINT(' || _lat || ' ' || _lon || ')')
                          , geo_position) AS distance
           , t.timeslot_id, t.slot_a, t.slot_z
           , CASE WHEN t.slot_a IS NOT NULL
                  THEN GREATEST(t.slot_a - at_time, interval '0') END AS time_dist
      FROM   supplier s
      LEFT   JOIN LATERAL (
         SELECT *
         FROM   timeslot
         WHERE  supplier_id = supplier_id
         AND    slot_z > at_time + s.duration  -- excl. upper bound
         ORDER  BY slot_z
         LIMIT  1
         ) t ON true
      WHERE  s.type = _type
      ORDER  BY s.distance
      LIMIT  100
      )
   SELECT *
   FROM  (
      SELECT DISTINCT ON (supplier_id) *  -- 1 slot per supplier
      FROM  (
         TABLE sup_nearby  -- matching or later slot

         UNION ALL         -- earlier slot
         SELECT s.id, s.name, s.duration, s.geo_position
              , s.distance
              , t.timeslot_id, t.slot_a, t.slot_z
              , GREATEST(at_time - t.slot_a, interval '0') AS time_dist
         FROM   sup_nearby s
         CROSS  JOIN LATERAL (  -- this time CROSS JOIN!
            SELECT *
            FROM   timeslot
            WHERE  supplier_id = s.supplier_id
            AND    slot_z <= at_time  -- excl. upper bound
            ORDER  BY slot_z DESC
            LIMIT  1
            ) t
         WHERE  s.time_dist IS DISTINCT FROM interval '0'  -- exact matches are done
         ) sub
      ORDER  BY supplier_id, time_dist  -- pick temporally closest slot per supplier
   ) sub
   ORDER  BY time_dist, distance;  -- matches first, ordered by distance; then misses, ordered by time distance

$func$  LANGUAGE sql;

我没有使用您的视图supplier_slots而是优化了性能。看风景还是很方便的。您可以包含tstzrange(slot_a, slot_z) AS slot以实现向后兼容性。
查找100个最近供应商的基本查询是教科书中的“K近邻”问题。GiST索引对此很有效。相关:
How do I query all rows within a 5-mile radius of my coordinates?
额外的任务(找到时间上最近的槽)可以分成两个任务:找到下一个较高的行和下一个较低的行。该解决方案的核心特点是有两个子查询ORDER BY slot_z LIMIT 1ORDER BY slot_z DESC LIMIT 1,这两个子查询将导致两次非常快速的索引扫描。
我把第一个和寻找实际匹配结合起来,这是一个(聪明的,我认为)优化,但可能会分散对实际解决方案的注意力。

关于sql - Postgres:如何从范围之外的时间戳中找到最接近的tsrange?,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41208541/

10-11 15:20
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