在 linux 下,我已经设置了 env var $NLTK_DATA('/home/user/data/nltk'),并且自爆测试按预期工作
>>> from nltk.corpus import brown
>>> brown.words()
['The', 'Fulton', 'County', 'Grand', 'Jury', 'said', ...]
但是在运行另一个 python 脚本时,我得到了:
LookupError:
**********************************************************************
Resource u'tokenizers/punkt/english.pickle' not found. Please
use the NLTK Downloader to obtain the resource: >>>
nltk.download()
Searched in:
- '/home/user/nltk_data'
- '/usr/share/nltk_data'
- '/usr/local/share/nltk_data'
- '/usr/lib/nltk_data'
- '/usr/local/lib/nltk_data'
- u''
正如我们所见,在手动添加 NLTK_DATA 目录后,nltk 不会将 $NLTK_DATA 添加到搜索路径中:
nltk.data.path.append("/NLTK_DATA_DIR");
脚本按预期运行,问题是:
如何让 nltk 自动将 $NLTK_DATA 添加到它的搜索路径?
最佳答案
如果您不想在运行脚本之前设置 $NLTK_DATA,您可以在 python 脚本中使用:
import nltk
nltk.path.append('/home/alvas/some_path/nltk_data/')
例如。让我们将
nltk_data
移动到 NLTK 不会自动找到它的非标准路径:alvas@ubi:~$ ls nltk_data/
chunkers corpora grammars help misc models stemmers taggers tokenizers
alvas@ubi:~$ mkdir some_path
alvas@ubi:~$ mv nltk_data/ some_path/
alvas@ubi:~$ ls nltk_data/
ls: cannot access nltk_data/: No such file or directory
alvas@ubi:~$ ls some_path/nltk_data/
chunkers corpora grammars help misc models stemmers taggers tokenizers
现在,我们使用
nltk.path.append()
hack:alvas@ubi:~$ python
>>> import os
>>> import nltk
>>> nltk.path.append('/home/alvas/some_path/nltk_data/')
>>> nltk.pos_tag('this is a foo bar'.split())
[('this', 'DT'), ('is', 'VBZ'), ('a', 'DT'), ('foo', 'JJ'), ('bar', 'NN')]
>>> nltk.data
<module 'nltk.data' from '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/nltk/data.pyc'>
>>> nltk.data.path
['/home/alvas/some_path/nltk_data/', '/home/alvas/nltk_data', '/usr/share/nltk_data', '/usr/local/share/nltk_data', '/usr/lib/nltk_data', '/usr/local/lib/nltk_data']
>>> exit()
让我们把它移回去看看它是否有效:
alvas@ubi:~$ ls nltk_data
ls: cannot access nltk_data: No such file or directory
alvas@ubi:~$ mv some_path/nltk_data/ .
alvas@ubi:~$ python
>>> import nltk
>>> nltk.data.path
['/home/alvas/nltk_data', '/usr/share/nltk_data', '/usr/local/share/nltk_data', '/usr/lib/nltk_data', '/usr/local/lib/nltk_data']
>>> nltk.pos_tag('this is a foo bar'.split())
[('this', 'DT'), ('is', 'VBZ'), ('a', 'DT'), ('foo', 'JJ'), ('bar', 'NN')]
如果您真的真的想自动查找 nltk_data,请使用以下内容:
import scandir
import os, sys
import time
import nltk
def find(name, path):
for root, dirs, files in scandir.walk(path):
if root.endswith(name):
return root
def find_nltk_data():
start = time.time()
path_to_nltk_data = find('nltk_data', '/')
print >> sys.stderr, 'Finding nltk_data took', time.time() - start
print >> sys.stderr, 'nltk_data at', path_to_nltk_data
with open('where_is_nltk_data.txt', 'w') as fout:
fout.write(path_to_nltk_data)
return path_to_nltk_data
def magically_find_nltk_data():
if os.path.exists('where_is_nltk_data.txt'):
with open('where_is_nltk_data.txt') as fin:
path_to_nltk_data = fin.read().strip()
if os.path.exists(path_to_nltk_data):
nltk.data.path.append(path_to_nltk_data)
else:
nltk.data.path.append(find_nltk_data())
else:
path_to_nltk_data = find_nltk_data()
nltk.data.path.append(path_to_nltk_data)
magically_find_nltk_data()
print nltk.pos_tag('this is a foo bar'.split())
让我们称这个 python 脚本为
test.py
:alvas@ubi:~$ ls nltk_data/
chunkers corpora grammars help misc models stemmers taggers tokenizers
alvas@ubi:~$ python test.py
Finding nltk_data took 4.27330780029
nltk_data at /home/alvas/nltk_data
[('this', 'DT'), ('is', 'VBZ'), ('a', 'DT'), ('foo', 'JJ'), ('bar', 'NN')]
alvas@ubi:~$ mv nltk_data/ some_path/
alvas@ubi:~$ python test.py
Finding nltk_data took 4.75850391388
nltk_data at /home/alvas/some_path/nltk_data
[('this', 'DT'), ('is', 'VBZ'), ('a', 'DT'), ('foo', 'JJ'), ('bar', 'NN')]
关于python - nltk 没有将 $NLTK_DATA 添加到搜索路径?,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/36382937/