performance - 如何提高BigQuery中的GeoIP查询性能？

我已将应用程序日志加载到BigQuery中，并且需要根据这些日志中的IP地址来计算国家/地区。

我已经在表和从MaxMind下载的GeoIP映射表之间编写了一个联接查询。

理想的查询是带有范围过滤器的OUTER JOIN，但是BQ在连接条件中仅支持=。
因此，查询执行INNER JOIN并处理JOIN每一侧的缺失值。

我已经修改了原始查询，以便可以在Wikipedia公共(public)数据集上运行。

有人可以帮我加快运行速度吗？

SELECT id, client_ip, client_ip_code, B.Country_Name as Country_Name

FROM
    (SELECT id, contributor_ip as client_ip, INTEGER(PARSE_IP(contributor_ip)) AS client_ip_code, 1 AS One
    FROM [publicdata:samples.wikipedia] Limit 1000) AS A1

JOIN
    (SELECT From_IP_Code, To_IP_Code, Country_Name, 1 AS One
    FROM

        -- 3 IP sets: 1.valid ranges, 2.Gaps, 3. Gap at the end of the set
        -- all Ranges of valid IPs:
        (SELECT From_IP_Code, To_IP_Code, Country_Name FROM [QA_DATASET.GeoIP])

        -- Missing rages lower from From_IP
        ,(SELECT
            PriorRangeEndIP + 1 From_IP_Code,
            From_IP_Code - 1 AS To_IP_Code,
            'NA' AS Country_Name
        FROM

            -- use of LAG function to find prior valid range
            (SELECT
                From_IP_Code,
                To_IP_Code, Country_Name,
                LAG(To_IP_Code, 1, INTEGER(0))
                OVER(ORDER BY From_IP_Code asc) PriorRangeEndIP
            FROM [QA_DATASET.GeoIP]) A

            -- If gap from prior valid range is > 1 than its a gap to fill
            WHERE From_IP_Code > PriorRangeEndIP + 1)

        -- Missing rages higher tan Max To_IP
        ,(SELECT MAX(To_IP_Code) + 1 as From_IP_Code, INTEGER(4311810304) as To_IP_Code, 'NA' AS Country_Name
        FROM [QA_DATASET.GeoIP])
    ) AS B
ON A1.ONE = B.ONE    -- fake join condition to overcome allowed use of only = in joins

-- Join condition where valid IP exists on left
WHERE
    A1.client_ip_code >= B.From_IP_Code
    AND A1.client_ip_code <= B.To_IP_Code
    OR (A1.client_ip_code IS NULL
    AND B.From_IP_Code = 1)    -- where there is no valid IP on left contributor_ip

最佳答案

2019，答案大大改善了:

https://medium.com/@hoffa/geolocation-with-bigquery-de-identify-76-million-ip-addresses-in-20-seconds-e9e652480bd2

#standardSQL
# replace with your source of IP addresses
# here I'm using the same Wikipedia set from the previous article
WITH source_of_ip_addresses AS (
  SELECT REGEXP_REPLACE(contributor_ip, 'xxx', '0')  ip, COUNT(*) c
  FROM `publicdata.samples.wikipedia`
  WHERE contributor_ip IS NOT null
  GROUP BY 1
)
SELECT country_name, SUM(c) c
FROM (
  SELECT ip, country_name, c
  FROM (
    SELECT *, NET.SAFE_IP_FROM_STRING(ip) & NET.IP_NET_MASK(4, mask) network_bin
    FROM source_of_ip_addresses, UNNEST(GENERATE_ARRAY(9,32)) mask
    WHERE BYTE_LENGTH(NET.SAFE_IP_FROM_STRING(ip)) = 4
  )
  JOIN `fh-bigquery.geocode.201806_geolite2_city_ipv4_locs`
  USING (network_bin, mask)
)
GROUP BY 1
ORDER BY 2 DESC

在以下位置清理了此答案的版本:
http://googlecloudplatform.blogspot.com/2014/03/geoip-geolocation-with-google-bigquery.html

让我整理一下原始查询:

SELECT
  id,
  client_ip,
  client_ip_code,
  B.Country_Name AS Country_Name
FROM (
  SELECT
    id,
    contributor_ip AS  client_ip,
    INTEGER(PARSE_IP(contributor_ip)) AS client_ip_code,
    1 AS One
  FROM
    [publicdata:samples.wikipedia]
  WHERE contributor_ip IS NOT NULL
  LIMIT
    1000
    ) AS A1
LEFT JOIN
  (
  SELECT
    From_IP_Code,
    To_IP_Code,
    Country_Name,
    1 AS One
  FROM
    --3 IP sets: 1.valid ranges,  2.Gaps,  3. Gap at the END of the set
    (
    SELECT
      From_IP_Code,
      To_IP_Code,
      Country_Name
    FROM
      [playscape-proj:GeoIP.GeoIP]) -- all Ranges ov valid IPs
    ,
    (
    SELECT
      PriorRangeEndIP+1 From_IP_Code,
      From_IP_Code-1 AS To_IP_Code,
      'NA' AS Country_Name -- Missing rages lower    FROM      From_IP
    from(
      SELECT
        From_IP_Code,
        To_IP_Code,
        Country_Name
        ,
        LAG(To_IP_Code,
          1,
          INTEGER(0)) OVER(
        ORDER BY
          From_IP_Code ASC) PriorRangeEndIP --use of LAG function to find prior valid range
      FROM
        [playscape-proj:GeoIP.GeoIP])A
    WHERE
     From_IP_Code>PriorRangeEndIP+1) -- If gap  FROM  prior valid range IS >1 than its a gap to fill
      ,
    (
    SELECT
      MAX(To_IP_Code)+1 AS From_IP_Code,
      INTEGER (4311810304) AS To_IP_Code,
      'NA' AS Country_Name -- Missing rages higher tan Max To_IP
    FROM
      [playscape-proj:GeoIP.GeoIP])
    ) AS B
  ON A1.ONE=B.ONE --fake JOIN condition to overcome allowed use of = only IN joins
WHERE
  A1.client_ip_code>=B.From_IP_Code
  AND A1.client_ip_code<=B.To_IP_Code -- JOIN condition WHERE valid IP exists ON left
  OR (A1.client_ip_code IS NULL
    AND B.From_IP_Code=1 ) -- WHERE  there IS no valid IP ON left contributor_ip;

这是一个漫长的查询! (和一个非常有趣的)。它会在14秒内运行。我们如何优化它？

我发现了一些技巧:

跳过NULL。如果日志中没有IP地址，请不要尝试匹配它。

减少组合。与仅将左侧的39.x.x.x记录与右侧的39.x.x.x记录联接在一起，而不是将每个左侧的记录与每个右侧的记录联接在一起。只有极少数(3或4)条规则涵盖多个范围。在geolite表上添加几个规则以添加规则来弥补这些差距将很容易。

所以我在改变:

1 AS One到INTEGER(PARSE_IP(contributor_ip)/(256*256*256)) AS One(两次)。

添加“WHERE contributor_ip不为空”。

现在，它可以在3秒钟内运行! 5％的ip无法定位，可能是由于所描述的差距(易于修复)。

现在，如何从LIMIT 1000变为LIMIT300000。需要多长时间？

37秒!比描述的25分钟要好得多。如果您想进一步提高，我建议将右侧 table 变成一个静态 table ，因为一旦计算，它根本不会改变，这只是基本规则的扩展。然后，您可以使用JOIN EACH。

SELECT
  id,
  client_ip,
  client_ip_code,
  B.Country_Name AS Country_Name
FROM (
  SELECT
    id,
    contributor_ip AS  client_ip,
    INTEGER(PARSE_IP(contributor_ip)) AS client_ip_code,
    INTEGER(PARSE_IP(contributor_ip)/(256*256*256)) AS One
  FROM
    [publicdata:samples.wikipedia]
  WHERE contributor_ip IS NOT NULL
  LIMIT
    300000
    ) AS A1
JOIN
  (
  SELECT
    From_IP_Code,
    To_IP_Code,
    Country_Name,
    INTEGER(From_IP_Code/(256*256*256)) AS One
  FROM
    --3 IP sets: 1.valid ranges,  2.Gaps,  3. Gap at the END of the set
    (
    SELECT
      From_IP_Code,
      To_IP_Code,
      Country_Name
    FROM
      [playscape-proj:GeoIP.GeoIP]) -- all Ranges ov valid IPs
    ,
    (
    SELECT
      PriorRangeEndIP+1 From_IP_Code,
      From_IP_Code-1 AS To_IP_Code,
      'NA' AS Country_Name -- Missing rages lower    FROM      From_IP
    from(
      SELECT
        From_IP_Code,
        To_IP_Code,
        Country_Name
        ,
        LAG(To_IP_Code,
          1,
          INTEGER(0)) OVER(
        ORDER BY
          From_IP_Code ASC) PriorRangeEndIP --use of LAG function to find prior valid range
      FROM
        [playscape-proj:GeoIP.GeoIP])A
    WHERE
     From_IP_Code>PriorRangeEndIP+1) -- If gap  FROM  prior valid range IS >1 than its a gap to fill
      ,
    (
    SELECT
      MAX(To_IP_Code)+1 AS From_IP_Code,
      INTEGER (4311810304) AS To_IP_Code,
      'NA' AS Country_Name -- Missing rages higher tan Max To_IP
    FROM
      [playscape-proj:GeoIP.GeoIP])
    ) AS B
  ON A1.ONE=B.ONE --fake JOIN condition to overcome allowed use of = only IN joins
WHERE
  A1.client_ip_code>=B.From_IP_Code
  AND A1.client_ip_code<=B.To_IP_Code -- JOIN condition WHERE valid IP exists ON left
  OR (A1.client_ip_code IS NULL
    AND B.From_IP_Code=1 ) -- WHERE  there IS no valid IP ON left contributor_ip;