如果我有一个长度为10 in c的整数数组arr,为了查找arr[5],程序可以简单地将20添加到当前指针位置并检索我的值(常数时间)。
但是如果数组是松散类型的(python/javascript列表),指针如何在恒定时间内知道元素在哪里?因为它不再假设每个元素都是固定字节。
最佳答案
您可以检查python的源代码-listobject.h:
typedef struct {
PyObject_VAR_HEAD
/* Vector of pointers to list elements. list[0] is ob_item[0], etc. */
PyObject **ob_item;
/* ob_item contains space for 'allocated' elements. The number
* currently in use is ob_size.
* Invariants:
* 0 <= ob_size <= allocated
* len(list) == ob_size
* ob_item == NULL implies ob_size == allocated == 0
* list.sort() temporarily sets allocated to -1 to detect mutations.
*
* Items must normally not be NULL, except during construction when
* the list is not yet visible outside the function that builds it.
*/
Py_ssize_t allocated;
} PyListObject;
我们可以看到python的
list
只是指向PyObject
的指针数组。所以要访问第五个元素,我们只需要取ob_item[5]
,它只需在指针ob_item
的值上加20(40)。您可以在listobject.c中看到实际代码:
static PyObject *
list_item(PyListObject *a, Py_ssize_t i)
{
...
Py_INCREF(a->ob_item[i]);
return a->ob_item[i];
}