通过反复试验,我发现如果要从QML调用C++类的虚函数,则必须在类层次结构中将它们全部声明为Q_INVOKABLE,否则会得到类型错误:
我真的找不到与此相关的任何文档,请有人指出我的意思吗?如果我想注册一个派生的类类型并在QML中实例化,该怎么办?将虚拟函数声明为Q_INVOKABLE是否有性能方面的问题?此刻,我正在做的事情(原型(prototype))。
class B : public QObject
{
public:
virtual void foo();
}
class D : public B
{
public:
Q_INVOKABLE virtual void foo();
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);
Base * derived = new D;
QQmlApplicationEngine engine;
engine.load(QUrl(QStringLiteral("qrc:/main.qml")));
engine.rootContext()->setContextProperty("derived", d);
return app.exec();
}
最佳答案
您可以在Q_INVOKABLE
部分下声明您的函数,而不是使用slots
:
class D : public B
{
Q_OBJECT
public slots:
virtual void foo();
}
查看此链接以获取详细说明:
http://developer.nokia.com/community/wiki/Calling_Qt_class_methods_from_QML
另外,不要忘记您的类中的Q_OBJECT宏。
更新
Q_INVOKABLE
和slots
关键字基本上都执行相同的操作。他们向Qt元系统“注册”您的功能。正如您在注释中指出的,区别在于,使用Q_INVOKABLE
可以返回值。在虚拟函数方面,它们透明地工作,就像在常规C++中一样。
在您的示例中,由于您将
Base*
指针传递给QML,因此需要通过添加Q_OBJECT
宏为该类“启用” Qt元系统,并且需要向foo
注册其Q_INVOKABLE
函数。您不必在派生类中这样做。因此您的代码将是:
class B : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
Q_INVOKABLE virtual void foo();
}
class D : public B
{
public:
virtual void foo();
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);
Base * derived = new D;
QQmlApplicationEngine engine;
engine.load(QUrl(QStringLiteral("qrc:/main.qml")));
engine.rootContext()->setContextProperty("derived", d);
return app.exec();
}
以下是我根据以上链接文章修改的完整示例。它使用
Q_INVOKABLE
,slots
和virtual
函数。example.pro
QT += declarative
HEADERS += stringhelper.h
SOURCES += main.cpp
stringhelper.h
#ifndef STRINGHELPER_H
#define STRINGHELPER_H
#include <QObject>
#include <QString>
// outputs text, ignoring reverse
class StringHelper_Base : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
public:
StringHelper_Base(QObject *parent = 0): QObject(parent) { }
Q_INVOKABLE virtual QString echo(const QString &text) const {
return text;
}
public slots:
virtual void toggleEcho(bool reverse) { (void)reverse; }
};
// outputs text with reversing
class StringHelper : public StringHelper_Base
{
public:
StringHelper(QObject *parent = 0): StringHelper_Base(parent), reverse(false) { }
QString echo(const QString &text) const {
if(reverse == false) { return text; }
QString reversed;
for(QString::const_iterator it = text.begin(); it != text.end(); it++) {
reversed.push_front(*it);
}
return reversed;
}
void toggleEcho(bool reverse) { this->reverse = reverse; }
protected:
bool reverse;
};
#endif // STRINGHELPER_H
main.cpp
#include <QApplication>
#include <QDeclarativeView>
#include <QDeclarativeContext>
#include "stringhelper.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QApplication a(argc, argv);
//StringHelper_Base* stringHelper = new StringHelper_Base();
StringHelper_Base* stringHelper = new StringHelper();
QDeclarativeView view;
view.setResizeMode(QDeclarativeView::SizeRootObjectToView);
view.rootContext()->setContextProperty("foo", stringHelper);
view.setSource(QUrl("./ui.qml"));
view.setGeometry(100, 100, 800, 480);
view.show();
return a.exec();
}
ui.qml
import QtQuick 1.1
Rectangle {
id: rect
property string text: "Using Qt class to echo this"
function updateUI() {
foo.toggleEcho(button.pressed); // calling StringHelper::toggleEcho
text.text = foo.echo(rect.text) // calling StringHelper::echo
}
anchors.fill: parent
color: "black"
Component.onCompleted: updateUI()
Text {
id: text
anchors.centerIn: parent
color: "white"
}
Rectangle {
id: button
property bool pressed: false
width: 100; height: 40
anchors.right: parent.right; anchors.rightMargin: 20
anchors.bottom: parent.bottom; anchors.bottomMargin: 20
radius: 6
color: pressed ? "gray" : "white"
Text {
anchors.centerIn: parent
text: "Reverse"
}
MouseArea {
anchors.fill: parent
onClicked: { button.pressed = !button.pressed; updateUI() }
}
}
}