最近，我对（重新）学习编程产生了兴趣，因此我开始学习C ++，因为它是一种常用的语言。但是，我遇到了一个障碍，并且我怀疑我的解决方案是否是解决该问题的最佳方法。
我有一个相对复杂的类（无论如何对我来说），大约有20个变量，为简化起见，它们分为4组。它还有一个父类，该类在对象初始化期间被调用。
但是，我不需要在所有对象中将它们设置为默认值以外的值，因此我设置了各种不同的构造函数重载来说明所有可能的组合（总共8个构造函数）。因此，为了防止编写重复的代码，我编写了一些私有函数（仅在构造函数期间调用），这些私有函数将变量设置为我在创建新对象时分配的值。
这是解决此问题的最佳方法吗？我也曾考虑过将这些变量分组为类或结构，但是感觉就像不必要的复杂，当在各种构造函数中调用相关函数时，重载就可以解决问题。如果这不是最佳方法，那么解决该问题的最佳方法是什么？又为什么呢？
我可以提供关于我的问题的更详细的描述，但这将是一堵相当长的文字墙（我首先写了那篇，但是太过分了）。预先感谢您的输入。
根据要求，这是类定义（武器）。父类（Item）已经定义并且可以按预期工作，因此我不会粘贴它，因此人们不必阅读大量的文字墙。
武器类的定义：
class Weapon: public Item {
public:
// Default constructor
Weapon();
// Full constructor
Weapon(unsigned GenericID, bool NameFlag, double EquipLoad, double EquipLoadperAmmo, unsigned short ModesNo, Mode* pModes, unsigned short CooldownType, double CooldownDuration, unsigned short CooldownShot, double CooldownPeriod, unsigned short ReloadType, unsigned short ReloadStyle, double ReloadTime, unsigned short MaxMagazine, unsigned short MaxAmmunition, unsigned short StartEnergy, unsigned short MaxEnergy);
// Constructor for Weapons without Cooldown System
Weapon(unsigned GenericID, bool NameFlag, double EquipLoad, double EquipLoadperAmmo, unsigned short ModesNo, Mode* pModes, unsigned short ReloadType, unsigned short ReloadStyle, double ReloadTime, unsigned short MaxMagazine, unsigned short MaxAmmunition, unsigned short CurrentEnergy, unsigned short MaxEnergy);
// Constructor for Weapons without Reload System
Weapon(unsigned GenericID, bool NameFlag, double EquipLoad, double EquipLoadperAmmo, unsigned short ModesNo, Mode* pModes, unsigned short CooldownType, double CooldownDuration, unsigned short CooldownShot, double CooldownPeriod, unsigned short MaxMagazine, unsigned short MaxAmmunition, unsigned short CurrentEnergy, unsigned short MaxEnergy);
// Constuctor for Weapons without Energy System
Weapon(unsigned GenericID, bool NameFlag, double EquipLoad, double EquipLoadperAmmo, unsigned short ModesNo, Mode* pModes, unsigned short CooldownType, double CooldownDuration, unsigned short CooldownShot, double CooldownPeriod, unsigned short ReloadType, unsigned short ReloadStyle, double ReloadTime, unsigned short MaxMagazine, unsigned short MaxAmmunition);
// Constructor for Weapons without Cooldown nor Reload System
Weapon(unsigned GenericID, bool NameFlag, double EquipLoad, double EquipLoadperAmmo, unsigned short ModesNo, Mode* pModes, unsigned short MaxMagazine, unsigned short MaxAmmunition, unsigned short CurrentEnergy, unsigned short MaxEnergy);
// Constructor for Weapons without Cooldown nor Energy System
Weapon(unsigned GenericID, bool NameFlag, double EquipLoad, double EquipLoadperAmmo, unsigned short ModesNo, Mode* pModes, unsigned short ReloadType, unsigned short ReloadStyle, double ReloadTime, unsigned short MaxMagazine, unsigned short MaxAmmunition);
// Constructor for Weapons without Reload nor Energy System
Weapon(unsigned GenericID, bool NameFlag, double EquipLoad, double EquipLoadperAmmo, unsigned short ModesNo, Mode* pModes, unsigned short CooldownType, double CooldownDuration, unsigned short CooldownShot, double CooldownPeriod, unsigned short MaxMagazine, unsigned short MaxAmmunition);
// Constructor for Weapons without Cooldown, Reload nor Energy System
Weapon(unsigned GenericID, bool NameFlag, double EquipLoad, double EquipLoadperAmmo, unsigned short ModesNo, Mode* pModes, unsigned short maxMagazine, unsigned short MaxAmmunition);
~Weapon();
void m_print();
/*Edited public get and set functions for each variable as they are not relevant*/
private:
// Ubiquitous variables
unsigned short WepGenericID = 0;
unsigned short WepVariantID = 0;
unsigned short WepSkinID = 0;
double EquipLoad = 0;
double EquipLoadperAmmo = 0;
unsigned short ModesNo = 1;
Mode* pModes = NULL;
unsigned short MaxAmmunition = 0;
unsigned short CurrentAmmunition = 0;
unsigned short MaxMagazine = 0;
unsigned short CurrentMagazine = 0;
// Cooldown System variables
bool WeaponCooldown = false;
unsigned short CooldownType = 0;
double CooldownDuration = 0;
unsigned short CooldownAction = 0;
double CooldownPeriod = 0;
// Reload System variables
unsigned short ReloadType = 0;
unsigned short ReloadStyle = 0;
double ReloadTime = 0;
// Energy System variables
unsigned short CurrentEnergy = 0;
unsigned short MaxEnergy = 0;
//Constructor Auxiliary Functions
void m_setGeneralWeapon(double EquipLoad, double EquipLoadperAmmo, unsigned short ModesNo, Mode* pModes, unsigned short MaxMagazine, unsigned short MaxAmmunition);
void m_setCooldownSystem(unsigned short CooldownType, double CooldownDuration, unsigned short CooldownAction, double CooldownPeriod);
void m_setReloadSystem(unsigned short ReloadType, unsigned short ReloadStyle, double ReloadTime);
void m_setEnergySystem(unsigned short StartEnergy, unsigned short MaxEnergy);
void m_setWeaponIDs();
void m_WepNameDecisionTree();
string m_searchName();
};
项目父类定义
class Item {
public:
Item();
Item(unsigned GenericID);
Item(unsigned GenericID, bool NameFlag);
~Item();
void m_setCustomName();
private:
unsigned GenericID = 0;
unsigned short GenCategoryID = 0;
unsigned short GenSubCategoryID = 0;
bool NameFlag = false;
string ItemName = "Missingno";
unsigned long InstanceID = 0;
};
最佳答案
为子系统创建单独的类。
使用建造者/工厂模式创建武器：
How to implement the factory method pattern in C++ correctly
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C%2B%2B_Programming/Code/Design_Patterns/Creational_Patterns
您也可以将弹药分开，只剩下几个实际成员。这样，您可以使用更具模块化的方法构建所有内容，从而使您可以更轻松地扩展或修改功能