我正在处理我的python项目,并且从python2.6迁移到python 3.6。所以我不得不用urllib.request(以及.error和.parse)替换urllib2。

但是我面临一个我无法解决的问题,这就是...

我想发送一个用JSON编写的请求,如下所示:

import json
import urllib2

data= json.dumps({
        "jsonrpc":"2.0",
        "method":"user.login",
        "params":{
             "user":"guest",
             "password":"password"
        }
        "id":1,
        "auth":None
     })


使用urllib2我没有遇到任何问题,我只需要使用以下命令创建请求:

req=urllib2.Request("http://myurl/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php",data,{'Content-type':'application/json})


发送:

response=urllib2.urlopen(req)


很好,但是现在有了urllib.request,我遇到了库引发的许多错误。检查我做了什么(请求在“数据”中是相同的):

import json
import urllib.request

data= json.dumps({
        "jsonrpc":"2.0",
        "method":"user.login",
        "params":{
             "user":"guest",
             "password":"password"
        }
        "id":1,
        "auth":None
     })
req = urllib.request.Request("http://myurl/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php",data,{'Content-type':'application/json})

response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)


我得到这个错误:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<input>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/tmp/Python-3.6.1/Lib/urllib/request.py", line 223, in urlopen
    return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
  File "/tmp/Python-3.6.1/Lib/urllib/request.py", line 524, in open
    req = meth(req)
  File "/tmp/Python-3.6.1/Lib/urllib/request.py", line 1248, in do_request_
raise TypeError(msg)
TypeError: POST data should be bytes, an iterable of bytes, or a file object. It cannot be of type str.


因此,我对此进行了询问,并了解到必须使用urllib.parse.urlencode()函数将请求转换为字节,因此我尝试在请求中使用它:

import urllib.parse

dataEnc=urllib.parse.urlencode(data)


发生另一个错误:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/Python-3.6.1/Lib/urllib/parse.py", line 842, in urlencode
    raise TypeError
TypeError

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<input>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/tmp/Python-3.6.1/Lib/urllib/parse.py", line 850, in urlencode
    "or mapping object").with_traceback(tb)
  File "/tmp/Python-3.6.1/Lib/urllib/parse.py", line 842, in urlencode
    raise TypeError
TypeError: not a valid non-string sequence or mapping object


并且我意识到json.dumps(data)只是将我的数组/字典转换为字符串,这对于urllib.parse.urlencode函数无效,所以我从数据中删除了json.dumps并执行了以下操作:

import json
import urllib.request
import urllib.parse

data= {
        "jsonrpc":"2.0",
        "method":"user.login",
        "params":{
             "user":"guest",
             "password":"password"
         }
         "id":1,
         "auth":None
      }

dataEnc=urllib.parse.urlencode(data) #this one worked then

req=urllib.request.Request("http://myurl/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php",data,{'Content-type':'application/json})

response = urllib.request.urlopen(req) #and this one too, but it was too beautiful


然后我看看响应并得到了这个:

b'{"jsonrpc":"2.0",
   "error":{
         "code":-32700,
         "message":"Parse error",
         "data":"Invalid JSON. An error occurred on the server while parsing the JSON text."}
    ,"id":1}


我想这是因为JSON消息不是json.dumped!

总有一个因素阻止我正确执行请求,

因此,如果您有任何想法或替代方案,我将非常高兴,我对此一无所知。

最好的祝福

Gozu09

最佳答案

实际上,您只需要像这样将字节数据作为字节序列传递即可:

data= {
    "jsonrpc":"2.0",
    "method":"user.login",
    "params":{
        "user":"guest",
        "password":"password"
    }
    "id":1,
    "auth":None
}

req = urllib.request.Request(
    "http://myurl/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php",
    data=json.dumps(data).encode(),  # Encode a string to a bytes sequence
    headers={'Content-type':'application/json}
)



  POST数据应为字节,字节的可迭代数或文件对象。不能是str类型


此错误意味着data参数应该是字节的可迭代项。

st = "This is a string"
by = b"This is an iterable of bytes"
by2 = st.encode() # Convert my string to a bytes sequence
st2 = by.decode() # Convert my byte sequence into an UTF-8 string


json.dumps()返回一个字符串,因此您必须调用json.dumps().encode()将其转换为字节数组。

顺便说一下,当您要转换将作为url参数传递的字符串时(即:将空格字符转换为“%20”),将使用urlencode。此方法的输出是字符串,而不是字节数组

09-30 15:04
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