我经常遇到一个问题，如何在IE中下载文件。
与Firefox的Chrome相比，您不能仅指定所需的文件夹，而是将所有文件下载到该文件夹。您还需要与本机Windows窗体等进行交互。
有多个选项，例如使用AutoIt，使用键盘命令，Robot等。但是所有这些选项都不稳定，它们需要显式等待，使用冗余库以及在并行运行测试时不适当。另一个问题是，如果文件不是通过直接链接下载的，而是从javascript命令生成的或从服务器接收的，并且无法从html提取的，该怎么办。
所有这些问题都可以解决，在这里我将展示如何做到。
解决方案是用C＃编写的，我相信同样可以在Java中实现
最佳答案
方法DownloadFileIexplore将文件下载到指定的filePath（文件夹+文件名），例如DownloadFileExplore（“ C：\ my_folder \ report.xslx”）
public void DownloadFileIexplore(string filePath)
{
//Click the link.
//Simple click can be used instead, but in my case it didn't work for all the links, so i've replaced it with click via action:
new Actions(Browser.Driver).MoveToElement(Element).Click(Element).Perform();
//Different types of element can be used to download file.
//If the element contains direct link, it can be extracter from 'href' attribute.
//If the element doesn't contains href or it's just an javascript command, link will be extracted from the browser http requests.
//
string downloadUrlOrLink = Element.GetAttribute("href") != null && !Element.GetAttribute("href").Contains("javascript")
? Element.GetAttribute("href")
: GetRequestUrls().Last() ?? GetLinkInNewWindowIexplore();
if (downloadUrlOrLink == null)
{
throw Log.Exception("Download url cannot be read from the element href attribute and from the recent http requests.");
}
/// the last step is to download file using CookieWebClient
/// method DownloadFile is available in the System.Net.WebClient,
/// but we have to create new class CookieWebClient, that will be inherited from System.Net.WebClient with one overriden method
new CookieWebClient(GetCookies()).DownloadFile(downloadUrlOrLink, filePath);
}
/// <summary>
/// this method returns all the http requests sent from browser.
/// the latest requests was send when link (or button) was clicked to download file
/// so we will need just to get last element from list: GetRequestUrls().Last().
/// or, if the request for file downloading isn't the last, find the required request by part of url, in my case it was 'common/handler', e.g.:
/// GetRequestUrls().LastOrDefault(x => x.Contains("common/handler"))
/// <summary>
public List<string> GetRequestUrls()
{
ReadOnlyCollection<object> requestsUrls = (ReadOnlyCollection<object>)
Driver.ExecuteScript("return window.performance.getEntries().map(function(x) { return x.name });");
return requestsUrls.Select(x => (string) x).ToList();
}
/// <summary>
/// In some cases after clicking the Download button new window is opened in IE.
/// Driver.WindowHandles can return only one window instead of two.
/// To solve this problem reset IE security settings and set Enable Protected Mode for each zone.
/// </summary>
private string GetLinkInNewWindowIexplore()
{
/// here it would be better to add waiting till new window is opened.
/// in that case we have to calculate number of windows before click and send this number as argument to GetLinkInNewWindowIexplore()
/// and wait till number will be increased by 1
var availableWindows = Driver.WindowHandles;
if (availableWindows.Count > 1)
{
Driver.SwitchTo().Window(availableWindows[availableWindows.Count - 1]);
}
string url;
try
{
url = Driver.Url;
}
catch (Exception)
{
url = Driver.ExecuteScript("return document.URL;").ToString();
}
Driver.SwitchTo().Window(Driver.WindowHandles[0]);
return url;
}
public System.Net.CookieContainer GetCookies()
{
CookieContainer cookieContainer = new CookieContainer();
foreach (OpenQA.Selenium.Cookie cookie in Driver.Manage().Cookies.AllCookies)
{
cookieContainer.Add(new System.Net.Cookie
{
Name = cookie.Name,
Value = cookie.Value,
Domain = "domain of your site, you can find, track http requests send from your site in browser dev tools, tab Network"
});
}
return cookieContainer;
}
public class CookieWebClient : WebClient
{
private readonly CookieContainer _cookieContainer;
public CookieWebClient(CookieContainer cookieContainer)
{
_cookieContainer = cookieContainer;
}
/// it's necessary to override method to add cookies, because file cannot be download by non-authorized user
/// ServerCertificateValidationCallback is set to true to avoid some possible certificate errors
protected override WebRequest GetWebRequest(Uri address)
{
ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback = delegate { return true; };
WebRequest request = base.GetWebRequest(address);
HttpWebRequest webRequest = request as HttpWebRequest;
if (webRequest != null)
{
webRequest.CookieContainer = _cookieContainer;
}
return request;
}
}
关于java - Selenium:将Internet Explorer中的文件下载到指定的文件夹，而无需直接链接，没有Windows窗体，没有AutoIt或Robot，我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48240146/