我用R和C++编写了以下代码,它们执行相同的算法:
a)模拟随机变量X 500次。 (X的概率为0.5,概率值为0.9;概率为0.5的概率值为1.1)
b)将这500个模拟值相乘得到一个值。将该值保存在容器中
c)重复10000000次,以使容器具有10000000个值
R:
ptm <- proc.time()
steps <- 500
MCsize <- 10000000
a <- rbinom(MCsize,steps,0.5)
b <- rep(500,times=MCsize) - a
result <- rep(1.1,times=MCsize)^a*rep(0.9,times=MCsize)^b
proc.time()-ptm
C++
#include <numeric>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <random>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>
#include <cmath>
#include <algorithm>
#include <chrono>
const size_t MCsize = 10000000;
std::mutex mutex1;
std::mutex mutex2;
unsigned seed_;
std::vector<double> cache;
void generatereturns(size_t steps, int RUNS){
mutex2.lock();
// setting seed
try{
std::mt19937 tmpgenerator(seed_);
seed_ = tmpgenerator();
std::cout << "SEED : " << seed_ << std::endl;
}catch(int exception){
mutex2.unlock();
}
mutex2.unlock();
// Creating generator
std::binomial_distribution<int> distribution(steps,0.5);
std::mt19937 generator(seed_);
for(int i = 0; i!= RUNS; ++i){
double power;
double returns;
power = distribution(generator);
returns = pow(0.9,power) * pow(1.1,(double)steps - power);
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex1);
cache.push_back(returns);
}
}
int main(){
std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
size_t steps = 500;
seed_ = 777;
unsigned concurentThreadsSupported = std::max(std::thread::hardware_concurrency(),(unsigned)1);
int remainder = MCsize % concurentThreadsSupported;
std::vector<std::thread> threads;
// starting sub-thread simulations
if(concurentThreadsSupported != 1){
for(int i = 0 ; i != concurentThreadsSupported - 1; ++i){
if(remainder != 0){
threads.push_back(std::thread(generatereturns,steps,MCsize / concurentThreadsSupported + 1));
remainder--;
}else{
threads.push_back(std::thread(generatereturns,steps,MCsize / concurentThreadsSupported));
}
}
}
//starting main thread simulation
if(remainder != 0){
generatereturns(steps, MCsize / concurentThreadsSupported + 1);
remainder--;
}else{
generatereturns(steps, MCsize / concurentThreadsSupported);
}
for (auto& th : threads) th.join();
std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point end = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() ;
typedef std::chrono::duration<int,std::milli> millisecs_t ;
millisecs_t duration( std::chrono::duration_cast<millisecs_t>(end-start) ) ;
std::cout << "Time elapsed : " << duration.count() << " milliseconds.\n" ;
return 0;
}
即使我在C++代码中使用了四个线程,我也无法理解为什么我的R代码比C++代码(3.29s vs 12s)这么快?谁能启发我?我应该如何改善我的C++代码以使其运行更快?
编辑:
感谢所有的建议!我为 vector 保留了容量,并减少了代码中的锁定量。 generatereturns()函数中的关键更新是:
std::vector<double> cache(MCsize);
std::vector<double>::iterator currit = cache.begin();
//.....
// Creating generator
std::binomial_distribution<int> distribution(steps,0.5);
std::mt19937 generator(seed_);
std::vector<double> tmpvec(RUNS);
for(int i = 0; i!= RUNS; ++i){
double power;
double returns;
power = distribution(generator);
returns = pow(0.9,power) * pow(1.1,(double)steps - power);
tmpvec[i] = returns;
}
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex1);
std::move(tmpvec.begin(),tmpvec.end(),currit);
currit += RUNS;
我没有每次都锁定,而是创建了一个临时 vector ,然后使用std::move将该tempvec中的元素移入缓存。现在耗时已减少到1.9秒。
最佳答案
首先,您是否在 Release模式下运行它?
从调试切换到发行版可以在笔记本电脑(Windows 7,i5 3210M)上将运行时间从〜15s减少到〜4.5s。
另外,在我的情况下,将线程数减少到2个,而不是4个(我只有2个内核,但是具有超线程),将运行时间进一步减少到〜2.4s。
将可变功率更改为int(也正如jimifiki所建议的那样)也提供了轻微的提升,将时间缩短至约2.3s。
关于c++ - 为什么我的C++代码比R慢得多?,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23424036/