在Spark中具有数据帧df
|-- array_field: array (nullable = true)
| |-- element: struct (containsNull = true)
| | |-- a: string (nullable = true)
| | |-- b: long (nullable = true)
| | |-- c: long (nullable = true)
如何将字段重命名为?
[更新]:
array_field.a
不适用于嵌套字段,因此我尝试了这种黑客和不安全的方法:# First alter the schema:
schema = df.schema
schema['array_field'].dataType.elementType['a'].name = 'a_renamed'
ind = schema['array_field'].dataType.elementType.names.index('a')
schema['array_field'].dataType.elementType.names[ind] = 'a_renamed'
# Then set dataframe's schema with altered schema
df._schema = schema
我知道设置私有属性不是一个好的实践,但是我不知道为df设置模式的其他方法。
我认为我走的是正确的道路,但
array_field.a_renamed
仍然显示了.withColumnRenamed()
的旧名称,尽管df.printSchema()
是array_field.a
最佳答案
蟒蛇
不能修改单个嵌套字段。你必须重建一个完整的结构。在这种特殊情况下,最简单的解决方案是使用cast
。
首先是一些进口产品:
from collections import namedtuple
from pyspark.sql.functions import col
from pyspark.sql.types import (
ArrayType, LongType, StringType, StructField, StructType)
示例数据:
Record = namedtuple("Record", ["a", "b", "c"])
df = sc.parallelize([([Record("foo", 1, 3)], )]).toDF(["array_field"])
让我们确认模式与您的案例中的模式相同:
df.printSchema()
root
|-- array_field: array (nullable = true)
| |-- element: struct (containsNull = true)
| | |-- a: string (nullable = true)
| | |-- b: long (nullable = true)
| | |-- c: long (nullable = true)
可以将新架构定义为字符串:
str_schema = "array<struct<a_renamed:string,b:bigint,c:bigint>>"
df.select(col("array_field").cast(str_schema)).printSchema()
root
|-- array_field: array (nullable = true)
| |-- element: struct (containsNull = true)
| | |-- a_renamed: string (nullable = true)
| | |-- b: long (nullable = true)
| | |-- c: long (nullable = true)
或a
DataType
:struct_schema = ArrayType(StructType([
StructField("a_renamed", StringType()),
StructField("b", LongType()),
StructField("c", LongType())
]))
df.select(col("array_field").cast(struct_schema)).printSchema()
root
|-- array_field: array (nullable = true)
| |-- element: struct (containsNull = true)
| | |-- a_renamed: string (nullable = true)
| | |-- b: long (nullable = true)
| | |-- c: long (nullable = true)
斯卡拉
同样的技术也可用于scala:
case class Record(a: String, b: Long, c: Long)
val df = Seq(Tuple1(Seq(Record("foo", 1, 3)))).toDF("array_field")
val strSchema = "array<struct<a_renamed:string,b:bigint,c:bigint>>"
df.select($"array_field".cast(strSchema))
或
import org.apache.spark.sql.types._
val structSchema = ArrayType(StructType(Seq(
StructField("a_renamed", StringType),
StructField("b", LongType),
StructField("c", LongType)
)))
df.select($"array_field".cast(structSchema))
可能的改进:
如果使用表达数据操作或JSON处理库,则可以更容易地将数据类型转储到
dict
或JSON字符串,并从中获取数据类型,例如(python/toolz
):from toolz.curried import pipe, assoc_in, update_in, map
from operator import attrgetter
# Update name to "a_updated" if name is "a"
rename_field = update_in(
keys=["name"], func=lambda x: "a_updated" if x == "a" else x)
updated_schema = pipe(
# Get schema of the field as a dict
df.schema["array_field"].jsonValue(),
# Update fields with rename
update_in(
keys=["type", "elementType", "fields"],
func=lambda x: pipe(x, map(rename_field), list)),
# Load schema from dict
StructField.fromJson,
# Get data type
attrgetter("dataType"))
df.select(col("array_field").cast(updated_schema)).printSchema()