java - 我的代码Thread.sleep有效，但隐式等待无效？

因此，我理解了流畅和显式的等待，但是我永远无法使隐式语句在过去起作用。我设法不使用显式方法来处理它们，但随后设计了一个相当简单的测试，但该方法仅适用于Thread.sleep，我绝对讨厌该方法，并尽一切努力避免使用它。所以我再次尝试了隐式等待功能...失败。

下面带有Thread.Sleep的代码按预期工作，效果很好

package myPackages;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

//  Unit test testing the Main User Drop Down Menu
//  This tests the following:
//      - changing status to Online, Away, Busy, Invisible via Left menu
//      - Going to Settings
//      - Logging out

import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;

public class statusTest {

  private static WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();

  public static String HOME_URL = "http://localhost:3000";
  public static String currentUserStatus;

  private static By usernameOrEmailFieldLocator = By.id("emailOrUsername");
  private static By passwordFieldLocator = By.id("pass");
  private static By loginButtonLocator = By.cssSelector("button.button.primary.login");

  private static By openMenuLocator = By.cssSelector("span.arrow.bottom");

  private static By onlineButtonLocator = By.cssSelector("button.status.online");
  private static By awayButtonLocator = By.cssSelector("button.status.away");
  private static By busyButtonLocator = By.cssSelector("button.status.busy");
  private static By invisibleButtonLocator = By.cssSelector("button.status.offline");
  private static By userStatus = By.className("thumb");


  @BeforeClass
  public static void beforeClass() {
    driver.get(HOME_URL);
    driver.findElement(usernameOrEmailFieldLocator).sendKeys("adrian");
    driver.findElement(passwordFieldLocator).sendKeys("adrian");
    driver.findElement(loginButtonLocator).click();
  }

  @Before
  public void before() throws Exception {
    Thread.sleep(100);
    new WebDriverWait(driver, 3).until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(openMenuLocator)).click();
    Thread.sleep(100);
    new WebDriverWait(driver, 3).until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(onlineButtonLocator)).click();
  }

  @AfterClass
  public static void doEnd() {
    driver.quit();
  }

  private static void changeStatusTo(By statusLocator) throws Exception {
    Thread.sleep(100);
    new WebDriverWait(driver, 3).until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(statusLocator)).click();
    Thread.sleep(100);
    currentUserStatus = driver.findElement(userStatus).getAttribute("data-status");
  }

  @Test
  public void setAway() throws Exception {
    changeStatusTo(awayButtonLocator);
    Assert.assertEquals("away", currentUserStatus);
  }

  @Test
  public void setOnline() throws Exception {
    changeStatusTo(onlineButtonLocator);
    Assert.assertEquals("online", currentUserStatus);
  }

  @Test
  public void setBusy() throws Exception {
    changeStatusTo(busyButtonLocator);
    Assert.assertEquals("busy", currentUserStatus);
  }

  @Test
  public void setInvisible() throws Exception {
    changeStatusTo(invisibleButtonLocator);
    Assert.assertEquals("invisible", currentUserStatus);
  }

}

但是当我最终尝试使用隐式（例如下面）时，它不起作用。我确保在声明驱动程序后立即声明一次（在本例中为@beforeclass）。测试将在Before类中失败。我在页面的最底部包括了跟踪堆栈：

package myPackages;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;

public class statusTest {

    private static WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();

    public static String HOME_URL = "http://localhost:3000";
    public static String currentUserStatus;

    private static By usernameOrEmailFieldLocator = By.id("emailOrUsername");
    private static By passwordFieldLocator = By.id("pass");
    private static By loginButtonLocator = By.cssSelector("button.button.primary.login");

    private static By openMenuLocator = By.cssSelector("span.arrow.bottom");

    private static By onlineButtonLocator = By.cssSelector("button.status.online");
    private static By awayButtonLocator = By.cssSelector("button.status.away");
    private static By busyButtonLocator = By.cssSelector("button.status.busy");
    private static By invisibleButtonLocator = By.cssSelector("button.status.offline");
    private static By userStatus = By.className("thumb");


    @BeforeClass
    public static void beforeClass(){
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
        driver.get(HOME_URL);
        driver.findElement(usernameOrEmailFieldLocator).sendKeys("adrian");
        driver.findElement(passwordFieldLocator).sendKeys("adrian");
        driver.findElement(loginButtonLocator).click();
    }

    @Before
    public void before() throws Exception {
        driver.findElement(openMenuLocator).click();
        driver.findElement(onlineButtonLocator).click();
    }

    @AfterClass
    public static void doEnd() {
        driver.quit();
    }

    private static void changeStatusTo(By statusLocator) {
        driver.findElement(statusLocator).click();
        currentUserStatus = driver.findElement(userStatus).getAttribute("data-status");

    }

    @Test
    public void setAway() {
        changeStatusTo(awayButtonLocator);
        Assert.assertEquals("away", currentUserStatus);
    }

    @Test
    public void setOnline() {
        changeStatusTo(onlineButtonLocator);
        Assert.assertEquals("online", currentUserStatus);
    }

    @Test
    public void setBusy() {
        changeStatusTo(busyButtonLocator);
        Assert.assertEquals("busy", currentUserStatus);
    }

    @Test
    public void setInvisible() {
        changeStatusTo(invisibleButtonLocator);
        Assert.assertEquals("invisible", currentUserStatus);
    }

}

  org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException：使用给定的搜索参数无法在页面上找到元素。 （警告：服务器未提供任何堆栈跟踪信息）
  命令持续时间或超时：999毫秒
  有关此错误的文档，请访问：http://seleniumhq.org/exceptions/no_such_element.html
  内部版本信息：版本：'未知'，版本：'1969d75'，时间：'2016-10-18 09:43:45 -0700'
  系统信息：主机：'Adrians-iMac.local'，ip：'10 .0.2.15'，操作系统名称：'Mac OS X'，os.arch：'x86_64'，os.version：'10 .12.1'，Java .version：“ 1.8.0_111”
  驱动程序信息：org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver
  功能[{applicationCacheEnabled = true，rotatable = false，databaseEnabled = true，handlesAlerts = true，版本= 12602.2.14.0.5，cleanSession = true，平台= MAC，nativeEvents = true，locationContextEnabled = false，webStorageEnabled = true，browserName = safari ，javascriptEnabled = true，cssSelectorsEnabled = true}]
  会话ID：DADE0351-039B-4C06-BC65-05FB90E08202
  ***元素信息：{Using = css选择器，value = span.arrow.bottom}
      在sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0（本机方法）处
      在sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance（NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62）
      在sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance（DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45）
      在java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance（Constructor.java:423）
      在org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.createThrowable（ErrorHandler.java:216）
      在org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorHandler.throwIfResponseFailed（ErrorHandler.java:168）
      在org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute（RemoteWebDriver.java:635）
      在org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElement（RemoteWebDriver.java:368）
      在org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElementByCssSelector（RemoteWebDriver.java:465）
      在org.openqa.selenium.By $ ByCssSelector.findElement（By.java:430）
      在org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElement（RemoteWebDriver.java:360）
      在myPackages.statusTest.before（statusTest.java:53）
      在sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0（本机方法）处
      在sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke（NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62）
      在sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke（DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43）
      在java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke（Method.java:498）
      在org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod $ 1.runReflectiveCall（FrameworkMethod.java:50）
      在org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run（ReflectiveCallable.java:12）
      在org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively（FrameworkMethod.java:47）
      在org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate（RunBefores.java:24）
      在org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf（ParentRunner.java:325）
      在org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild（BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78）
      在org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild（BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57）
      在org.junit.runners.ParentRunner $ 3.run（ParentRunner.java:290）
      在org.junit.runners.ParentRunner $ 1.schedule（ParentRunner.java:71）
      在org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren（ParentRunner.java:288）
      在org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access处$ 000（ParentRunner.java:58）
      在org.junit.runners.ParentRunner上$ 2.evaluate（ParentRunner.java:268）
      在org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate（RunBefores.java:26）
      在org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate（RunAfters.java:27）
      在org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run（ParentRunner.java:363）
      在org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run（JUnit4TestReference.java:86）
      在org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run（TestExecution.java:38）
      在org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests（RemoteTestRunner.java:459）
      在org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests（RemoteTestRunner.java:678）
      在org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run（RemoteTestRunner.java:382）
      在org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main（RemoteTestRunner.java:192）

最佳答案

在隐式等待（而不是毫秒）中使用TimeUnit.SECONDS。快速浏览一下代码表明您在隐式等待中使用了100毫秒，这与正常显式等待中分配的3秒相比是非常正常的。

 driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);//waits for 3 seconds

注意：显式等待的单位是秒。

 new WebDriverWait(driver, 10) //will wait for 10 seconds

1000ms = 1秒

如果时间单位HAS以毫秒为单位，则应在隐式等待中使用3000ms。