**请注意**,此程序不仅会挂起,而且显然会永久占用您的所有内存,使您的计算机陷入缓慢而混乱的混乱状态。我已经为此苦苦挣扎了很长时间,并且已经弄清楚了很多事情,除了它为什么实际挂起的原因。抱歉,有这么多代码,但是我删去了所有无关的内容,剩下的就是了。

链表

//=====================
// Linked List

#include <stdexcept>

template<class T> struct LinkedList {
    public:
        LinkedList();
        LinkedList(const LinkedList& srcList);
        ~LinkedList();

        void addObject (T& addedObject);

        class ListIterator {
            public:
                ListIterator();
                explicit ListIterator(LinkedList<T>& parentList);

                // Operators
                ListIterator& operator++();
                T& operator*() const;
                bool operator!=(const ListIterator& otherIter);

            private:
                typename LinkedList::Node* current_;
        };

        ListIterator begin();
        ListIterator end();
        std::size_t size_;

    private:
        struct Node {
            Node();
            Node(T& object);
            Node(const Node&) = delete;
            T* const object_;
            Node* next_;
            Node* prev_;
        };

        Node head_;
        Node tail_;
};

//====================
// Classes (Implementation)

// Linked List default constructor
template<class T> LinkedList<T>::LinkedList()
: size_{0} {
    head_.next_ = &tail_;
    tail_.prev_ = &head_;
};

// Linked List copy constructor
template<class T> LinkedList<T>::
LinkedList(const LinkedList& srcList) {
    size_ = srcList.size_;
    head_.next_ = &tail_;
    tail_.prev_ = &head_;
    ListIterator nodesToCopy = srcList.begin();

    while (nodesToCopy != srcList.end()) {
        this->addObject(*nodesToCopy);
        srcList.removeObject(1);
    };
    delete &srcList;
};

// Linked List destructor
template<class T> LinkedList<T>::~LinkedList() {
    for (unsigned int ii = 1; ii == size_; ++ii) {
        Node* toDelete = head_.next_;
        head_.next_ = head_.next_->next_;
        delete toDelete;
    };
};

// Add object to Linked List
template<class T> void LinkedList<T>::addObject(T& addedObject) {
    Node* node = new Node(addedObject);
    node->prev_ = tail_.prev_;
    tail_.prev_->next_ = node;
    tail_.prev_ = node;
    node->next_ = &tail_;
    ++size_;
};

// Linked List Iterator constructor
template<class T> LinkedList<T>::ListIterator::
ListIterator(LinkedList<T>& parentList) {
    current_ = parentList.head_.next_;
};

// Iterator operators
// Increment forward
template<class T> typename LinkedList<T>::ListIterator& LinkedList<T>::
ListIterator::operator++() {
    current_ = current_->next_;
    return *this;
};

// Return object pointed to
template<class T> T& LinkedList<T>::ListIterator::
operator*() const {
    return *(current_->object_);
};

template<class T> bool LinkedList<T>::ListIterator::
operator!=(const ListIterator& otherIter) {
    return &(**this) != &(*otherIter);
};

// Return an iterator object via begin() and end()
template<class T> typename LinkedList<T>::ListIterator
LinkedList<T>::begin() {
    ListIterator beginIterator(*this);
    return beginIterator;
};
template<class T> typename LinkedList<T>::ListIterator
LinkedList<T>::end() {
    ListIterator endIterator(*this);
    for (unsigned int ii = 0; ii < size_; ++ii) { ++endIterator; };
    return endIterator;
};

// Node constructors
template<class T> LinkedList<T>::Node::Node()
: object_(nullptr), next_(nullptr), prev_(nullptr) {};

template<class T> LinkedList<T>::Node::Node(T& object)
: object_(&object) {};


项目

//=====================
// Item
//====================
// Included dependencies
#include <string>
#include <array>
#include <map>
#include <iostream>

class Item {
    public:
        Item();
        Item(std::string name);
        Item(std::string name, std::array<int, 2> stats);
        std::map<std::string, int> getStats();

        std::string name_;

    private:
        std::map<std::string, int> enhancements_;
};

// Constructors
Item::Item() {
    enhancements_["Str"] = 0;
    enhancements_["Def"] = 0;
};

Item::Item(std::string name) : Item::Item() { name_ = name; };
Item::Item(std::string name, std::array<int, 2> stats)
: Item::Item(name) {
    enhancements_["Str"] = stats[0];
    enhancements_["Def"] = stats[1];
};

// Return map of stats
std::map<std::string, int> Item::getStats() { return enhancements_; };


房间

//====================
// Room
class Room {
    public:
        void addItem(Item item);
        LinkedList<Item>::ListIterator getItems();
        LinkedList<Item> itemsInThisRoom_;
};

// Add item to room
void Room::addItem(Item item) { itemsInThisRoom_.addObject(item); };

// Get iterator which iterates over items in room
LinkedList<Item>::ListIterator Room::getItems() {
    return itemsInThisRoom_.begin();
};


主要

int main() {
    std::array<int, 2> swordStats = {{5, 0}};
    std::array<int, 2> shieldStats = {{0, 2}};
    std::array<int, 2> armorStats = {{0, 3}};

    Item sword("Sword", swordStats);
    Item shield("Shield", shieldStats);
    Item armor("Armor", armorStats);
    Room room;

    room.addItem(shield);
    room.addItem(sword);
    room.addItem(armor);
    LinkedList<Item>::ListIterator roomItems = room.itemsInThisRoom_.begin();

    while (roomItems != room.itemsInThisRoom_.end()) {
        (*roomItems).getStats();
        ++roomItems;
    };

    return 0;
};


所有这些都可以放在一个文件中并进行编译(我按类将其拆分以使其更易于阅读)。这是挂起的那行,主要是:

(*roomItems).getStats();


这使我相信我的解除引用运算符有问题,对吗?如果我们在Room类之外创建一个迭代器,请以相同的方式取消引用和getStats-一切正常。

...这是Room类的问题吗?

但是,如果我们将Item和main更改为以下内容:

//=====================
// Item
//====================
// Included dependencies
#include <string>
#include <array>
#include <map>
#include <iostream>

class Item {
    public:
        Item();
        Item(std::string name);
        Item(std::string, int);
        int getStats();

        std::string name_;

    private:
        int enhancements_;
};

// Constructors
Item::Item() {
    enhancements_ = 0;
};

Item::Item(std::string name) : Item::Item() { name_ = name; };
Item::Item(std::string name, int stats)
: Item::Item(name) {
    enhancements_ = stats;
};

// Return map of stats
int Item::getStats() { return enhancements_; };

//====================
// Room
class Room {
    public:
        void addItem(Item item);
        LinkedList<Item>::ListIterator getItems();
        LinkedList<Item> itemsInThisRoom_;
};

// Add item to room
void Room::addItem(Item item) { itemsInThisRoom_.addObject(item); };

// Get iterator which iterates over items in room
LinkedList<Item>::ListIterator Room::getItems() {
    return itemsInThisRoom_.begin();
};

int main() {
    Item sword("Sword", 1);
    Item shield("Shield", 2);
    Item armor("Armor", 3);
    Room room;

    room.addItem(shield);
    room.addItem(sword);
    room.addItem(armor);
    LinkedList<Item>::ListIterator roomItems = room.itemsInThisRoom_.begin();
    while (roomItems != room.itemsInThisRoom_.end()) {
        (*roomItems).getStats();
        ++roomItems;
    };

    return 0;
};


一切运行良好。我可以返回int值。

...所以... Room类或取消引用运算符都不是问题,而是返回std :: map? GDB没有太多话要说。当我在令人讨厌的行和步骤处中断时,我得到:

24  std::map<std::string, int> Item::getStats() { return enhancements_; };
(gdb) step
_Rb_tree_impl (__a=<optimized out>, __comp=..., this=0x7fffffffced0)
    at /usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/stl_tree.h:474
474         _M_header(), _M_node_count(0)
(gdb) step
475       { _M_initialize(); }
(gdb) step
_M_initialize (this=0x7fffffffced0)
    at /usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/stl_tree.h:484
484         this->_M_header._M_left = &this->_M_header;
(gdb) step
485         this->_M_header._M_right = &this->_M_header;
(gdb) step
_Rb_tree (__x=..., this=0x7fffffffced0)
    at /usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/stl_tree.h:674
674     if (__x._M_root() != 0)
(gdb) step
_M_root (this=0x7fffffffd048)
    at /usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/stl_tree.h:498
498       { return this->_M_impl._M_header._M_parent; }
(gdb) step
_Rb_tree (__x=..., this=0x7fffffffced0)
    at /usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/stl_tree.h:674
674     if (__x._M_root() != 0)
(gdb) step
676         _M_root() = _M_copy(__x._M_begin(), _M_end());
(gdb) step
std::_Rb_tree<std::string, std::pair<std::string const, int>, std::_Select1st<std::pair<std::string const, int> >, std::less<std::string>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::string const, int> > >::_M_copy (
    this=this@entry=0x7fffffffced0, __x=0x619f10,
    __p=__p@entry=0x7fffffffced8)
    at /usr/include/c++/4.9/bits/stl_tree.h:1207
1207          _Link_type __top = _M_clone_node(__x);


...这对我来说是胡说八道。 :(它无限执行此操作,所以我知道它(以某种方式)描述了挂断。

我不知道这是怎么回事,哈哈。我是C ++的新手,自从醒来以来就一直为此而苦苦挣扎,因此我所知道的代码非常糟糕,我应该为编写它感到难过。

有任何想法吗?

最佳答案

除了已经提到的内容之外,您的Node对象还非静态地存储指针,该指针是通过引用从外部传递的对象

template<class T> LinkedList<T>::Node::Node(T& object)
: object_(&object) {};


但是,传递给Node的构造函数的参考参数实际上绑定到局部变量

template<class T> void LinkedList<T>::addObject(T& addedObject) {
    Node* node = new Node(addedObject);
    node->prev_ = tail_.prev_;
    tail_.prev_->next_ = node;
    tail_.prev_ = node;
    node->next_ = &tail_;
    ++size_;
};

void Room::addItem(Item item) { itemsInThisRoom_.addObject(item); };


即,引用绑定到参数item,这是addItem内部的局部变量。

一旦退出item,该局部变量addItem就被销毁。您的Node::object_指针仍然指向无处。

考虑到您在代码中执行的免费复制的数量,完全不清楚您是如何想到在Node内部存储指向非拥有对象的指针的想法的(而不是将整个数据免费复制到Node,就像您在其他任何地方所做的一样。

无论如何,内存所有权在您的代码中被完全破坏了,这导致了对象生命周期问题。您需要从头开始设计一些有意义的内存所有权计划,然后按照该计划编写代码。您现在拥有的是不可兑换的烂摊子。

如果您想使用指针而又不准备解开这种混乱,只需使用智能指针并让它们为您处理事情即可。

附言并删除在每个;之后放置}的讨厌习惯。

关于c++ - 从解引用的迭代器返回std::map <std::string,int>时发生巨大的内存泄漏,我们在Stack Overflow上找到一个类似的问题:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/32064317/

10-17 01:42