(2)Address-Restricted cone NAT :限制地址,即只接收曾经发送到对端的IP地址来的数据包。
一旦一个内部地址(iAddr:port1)映射到外部地址(eAddr:port2),所有发自iAddr:port1的包都经由eAddr:port2向外发送。任意外部主机(hostAddr:any)都能通过给eAddr:port2发包到达iAddr:port1的前提是:iAddr:port1之前发送过包到hostAddr:any. "any"也就是说端口不受限制(只需知道某个转换后的外网ip+端口即可。)
(3)Port-Restricted cone NAT:类似受限制锥形NAT(Restricted cone NAT),但是还有端口限制。
(4)Symmetric NAT(对称NAT)
1 /// <summary> 2 /// 打洞服务端,非常的简单,接收两个连接并且转发给对方; 3 /// </summary> 4 public class ServerListener : IServerListener 5 { 6 IPEndPoint EndPoint { get; set; } 7 //消息委托 8 public delegate void EventMsg(object sender, string e); 9 public static object obj = new object(); 10 //通知消息 11 public event EventMsg NoticeMsg; 12 //接收事件 13 public event EventMsg ReceivedMsg; 14 /// <summary> 15 /// 上次链接的 16 /// </summary> 17 private Socket Previous; 18 public ServerListener(IPEndPoint endpoint) 19 { 20 this.EndPoint = endpoint; 21 } 22 private Socket listener; 23 public void Start() 24 { 25 this.listener = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); 26 var connectArgs = new SocketAsyncEventArgs(); 27 listener.Bind(EndPoint); 28 listener.Listen(2); 29 EndPoint = (IPEndPoint)listener.LocalEndPoint; 30 connectArgs.Completed += OnAccept; 31 //是否同步就完成了,同步完成需要自己触发 32 if (!listener.AcceptAsync(connectArgs)) 33 OnAccept(listener, connectArgs); 34 } 35 byte[] bytes = new byte[400]; 36 private void OnAccept(object sender, SocketAsyncEventArgs e) 37 { 38 Socket socket = null; 39 try 40 { 41 var remoteEndPoint1 = e.AcceptSocket.RemoteEndPoint.ToString(); 42 NoticeMsg?.Invoke(sender, $"客户端:{remoteEndPoint1}连接上我了!\r\n"); 43 SocketAsyncEventArgs readEventArgs = new SocketAsyncEventArgs(); 44 readEventArgs.Completed += OnSocketReceived; 45 readEventArgs.UserToken = e.AcceptSocket; 46 readEventArgs.SetBuffer(bytes, 0, 400); 47 if (!e.AcceptSocket.ReceiveAsync(readEventArgs)) 48 OnSocketReceived(e.AcceptSocket, readEventArgs); 49 lock (obj) 50 { 51 socket = e.AcceptSocket; 52 //上次有链接并且链接还”健在“ 53 if (Previous == null||! Previous.Connected) 54 { 55 Previous = e.AcceptSocket; 56 } 57 else 58 { 59 //Previous.SendAsync()..? 60 Previous.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(remoteEndPoint1 + "_1")); 61 socket.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Previous.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + "_2")); 62 NoticeMsg?.Invoke(sender, $"已经通知双方!\r\n"); 63 Previous = null; 64 } 65 } 66 67 e.AcceptSocket = null; 68 if (e.SocketError != SocketError.Success) 69 throw new SocketException((int)e.SocketError); 70 71 if(!listener.AcceptAsync(e)) 72 OnAccept(listener, e); 73 } 74 catch 75 { 76 socket?.Close(); 77 } 78 79 } 80 public void Close() 81 { 82 using (listener) 83 { 84 // listener.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both); 85 listener.Close(); 86 } 87 //throw new NotImplementedException(); 88 } 89 /// <summary> 90 /// 此处留有一个小BUG,接收的字符串大于400的时候会有问题;可以参考客户端修改 91 /// </summary> 92 public void OnSocketReceived(object sender, SocketAsyncEventArgs e) 93 { 94 Socket socket = e.UserToken as Socket; 95 var remoteEndPoint = socket.RemoteEndPoint.ToString(); 96 try 97 { 98 if (e.BytesTransferred > 0 && e.SocketError == SocketError.Success) 99 { 100 101 ReceivedMsg?.Invoke(sender, $"收到:{remoteEndPoint}发来信息:{Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.Buffer, 0, e.BytesTransferred)}\r\n"); 102 103 } 104 else 105 { 106 socket?.Close(); 107 NoticeMsg?.Invoke(sender, $"链接:{remoteEndPoint}释放啦!\r\n"); 108 return; 109 } 110 if (!socket.ReceiveAsync(e)) 111 OnSocketReceived(socket, e); 112 } 113 catch 114 { 115 socket?.Close(); 116 } 117 118 //{ 119 // if (!((Socket)sender).AcceptAsync(e)) 120 // OnSocketReceived(sender, e); 121 //} 122 //catch 123 //{ 124 // return; 125 //} 126 } 127 }
2.客户端类 PeerClient用BeginReceive和EndReceive实现异步;
public class StateObject { public Socket workSocket = null; public const int BufferSize = 100; public byte[] buffer = new byte[BufferSize]; public List<byte> buffers = new List<byte>(); //是不是和服务器的链接 public bool IsServerCon = false; } /// <summary> /// 打洞节点客户端 实现的功能: /// 连接服务器获取对方节点ip /// 请求对方ip(打洞) /// 根据条件判断是监听连接还是监听等待连接 /// </summary> public class PeerClient : IPeerClient { //ManualResetEvent xxxxDone = new ManualResetEvent(false); //Semaphore /// <summary> /// 当前链接 /// </summary> public Socket Client { get;private set; } #region 服务端 public string ServerHostName { get;private set; } public int ServerPort { get; private set; } #endregion #region 接收和通知事件 public delegate void EventMsg(object sender, string e); //接收事件 public event EventMsg ReceivedMsg; //通知消息 public event EventMsg NoticeMsg; #endregion //本地绑定的节点 private IPEndPoint LocalEP; public PeerClient(string hostname, int port) { Client = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); this.ServerHostName = hostname; this.ServerPort = port; } /// <summary> /// 初始化客户端(包括启动) /// </summary> public void Init() { try { Client.Connect(ServerHostName, ServerPort); } catch (SocketException ex) { NoticeMsg?.Invoke(Client, $"连接服务器失败!{ex}!\r\n"); throw; } catch (Exception ex) { NoticeMsg?.Invoke(Client, $"连接服务器失败!{ex}!\r\n"); throw; } NoticeMsg?.Invoke(Client, $"连接上服务器了!\r\n"); var _localEndPoint = Client.LocalEndPoint.ToString(); LocalEP = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(_localEndPoint.Split(':')[0]) , int.Parse(_localEndPoint.Split(':')[1])); Receive(Client); } private void Receive(Socket client) { try { StateObject state = new StateObject(); state.workSocket = client; state.IsServerCon = true; client.BeginReceive(state.buffer, 0, StateObject.BufferSize, 0, new AsyncCallback(ReceiveCallback), state); } catch (Exception e) { NoticeMsg?.Invoke(Client, $"接收消息出错了{e}!\r\n"); } } private void ReceiveCallback(IAsyncResult ar) { try { var state = (StateObject)ar.AsyncState; Socket _client = state.workSocket; //因为到这边的经常Connected 还是true //if (!_client.Connected) //{ // _client.Close(); // return; //} SocketError error = SocketError.Success; int bytesRead = _client.EndReceive(ar,out error); if (error == SocketError.ConnectionReset) { NoticeMsg?.Invoke(Client, $"链接已经释放!\r\n"); _client.Close(); _client.Dispose(); return; } if (SocketError.Success!= error) { throw new SocketException((int)error); } var arr = state.buffer.AsQueryable().Take(bytesRead).ToArray(); state.buffers.AddRange(arr); if (bytesRead >= state.buffer.Length) { _client.BeginReceive(state.buffer, 0, StateObject.BufferSize, 0, new AsyncCallback(ReceiveCallback), state); ////state.buffers.CopyTo(state.buffers.Count, state.buffer, 0, bytesRead); //_client.BeginReceive(state.buffer, 0, StateObject.BufferSize, 0, // new AsyncCallback(ReceiveCallback), state); } else { var _msg = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(state.buffers.ToArray()); ReceivedMsg?.Invoke(_client, _msg); if (state.IsServerCon) { _client.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both); _client.Close(); int retryCon = _msg.Contains("_1") ? 1 : 100; _msg = _msg.Replace("_1", "").Replace("_2", ""); TryConnection(_msg.Split(':')[0], int.Parse(_msg.Split(':')[1]), retryCon); return; } state = new StateObject(); state.IsServerCon = false; state.workSocket = _client; _client.BeginReceive(state.buffer, 0, StateObject.BufferSize, 0, new AsyncCallback(ReceiveCallback), state); } } catch (SocketException ex) { //10054 NoticeMsg?.Invoke(Client, $"链接已经释放!{ex}!\r\n"); } catch (Exception e) { NoticeMsg?.Invoke(Client, $"接收消息出错了2{e}!\r\n"); } } /// <summary> /// 打洞或者尝试链接 /// </summary> private void TryConnection(string remoteHostname, int remotePort,int retryCon) { Client = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); Client.SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.ReuseAddress, true); var _iPRemotePoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(remoteHostname), remotePort); Client.Bind(LocalEP); System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(retryCon==1?1:3*1000); for (int i = 0; i < retryCon; i++) { try { Client.Connect(_iPRemotePoint); NoticeMsg?.Invoke(Client, $"已经连接上:{remoteHostname}:{remotePort}!\r\n"); StateObject state = new StateObject(); state.workSocket = Client; state.IsServerCon = false; Client.BeginReceive(state.buffer, 0, StateObject.BufferSize, 0, new AsyncCallback(ReceiveCallback), state); return; } catch { NoticeMsg?.Invoke(Client, $"尝试第{i+1}次链接:{remoteHostname}:{remotePort}!\r\n"); } } if (retryCon==1) { Listening(LocalEP.Port); return; } NoticeMsg?.Invoke(Client, $"尝试了{retryCon}次都没有办法连接到:{remoteHostname}:{remotePort},凉了!\r\n"); } /// <summary> /// 如果连接不成功,因为事先有打洞过了,根据条件监听 等待对方连接来 /// </summary> private void Listening(int Port) { try { Client = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); Client.SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.ReuseAddress, true); Client.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, Port)); Client.Listen((int)SocketOptionName.MaxConnections); NoticeMsg?.Invoke(Client, $"开始侦听断开等待链接过来!\r\n"); StateObject state = new StateObject(); state.IsServerCon = false; var _socket = Client.Accept();//只有一个链接 不用BeginAccept Client.Close();//关系现有侦听 Client = _socket; state.workSocket = Client; NoticeMsg?.Invoke(Client, $"接收到来自{Client.RemoteEndPoint}的连接!\r\n"); Client.BeginReceive(state.buffer, 0, StateObject.BufferSize, 0, new AsyncCallback(ReceiveCallback), state); } catch (Exception ex) { NoticeMsg?.Invoke(Client, $"监听出错了{ex}凉了!\r\n"); } //scoket.send } /// <summary> /// 本例子只存在一个成功的链接,对成功的连接发送消息! /// </summary> /// <param name="strMsg"></param> public void Send(string strMsg) { byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(strMsg); Client.BeginSend(bytes, 0, bytes.Length, 0, new AsyncCallback(SendCallback), Client); } private void SendCallback(IAsyncResult ar) { try { Socket _socket = (Socket)ar.AsyncState; //if(ar.IsCompleted) _socket.EndSend(ar); } catch (Exception e) { NoticeMsg?.Invoke(Client, $"发送消息出错了{e}!\r\n"); } } }
完整代码:
https://gitee.com/qqljcn/zsg_-peer-to-peer
Task+(TcpClient+TcpListener )|(UdpClient)实现 tcp|udp的打洞!这个就不贴代码了直接放码云连接
https://gitee.com/qqljcn/zsg_-peer-to-peer_-lite
1.本人是个老菜鸟代码仅供参考,都是挺久以前写的也没有经过严格的测试仅能演示这个例子,有不成熟的地方,烦请各位大神海涵指教;
2.不要都用本机试这个例子,本机不走nat
3.然后udp因为是无连接的所以打孔成功后不要等太久再发消息,nat缓存一过就失效了!
4.确定自己不是对称型nat的话,如果打洞不成功,那就多试几次!
5 .我这个例子代码名字叫 PeerToPeer 但不是真的p2p, 微软提供了p2p的实现 在using System.Net.PeerToPeer命名空间下。
以上是通过nat的方式,另外还有一种方式是,通过一个有外网ip的第三方服务器转发像 花生壳、nat123这类软件,也有做个小程序,并且自己在用以后演示;