服务器端口测试是否正常,运维一般使用telnet来检查,但它有局限性,服务器的端口必须存在服务运行。
这时使用nc可以在服务端模拟开启一个端口,再通过nc测试此端口,好用!
nc是netcat工具的简称,一个网络工具,可以用来端口扫描、文件传输等功能。
centos上面安装也很简单:
nc常用功能
1、实现任意TCP/UDP端口的侦听,nc可以作为server以TCP或UDP方式侦听指定端口
2、端口的扫描,nc可以作为client发起TCP或UDP连接
3、机器之间传输文件
4、机器之间网络测速
一般nc只用来做TCP/UDP协议的端口测试,其它功能少用!
nc帮助说明
# nc --help
Ncat 7.50 ( https://nmap.org/ncat )
Usage: ncat [options] [hostname] [port]
Options taking a time assume seconds. Append 'ms' for milliseconds,
's' for seconds, 'm' for minutes, or 'h' for hours (e.g. 500ms).
-4 Use IPv4 only
-6 Use IPv6 only
-U, --unixsock Use Unix domain sockets only
-C, --crlf Use CRLF for EOL sequence
-c, --sh-exec <command> Executes the given command via /bin/sh
-e, --exec <command> Executes the given command
--lua-exec <filename> Executes the given Lua script
-g hop1[,hop2,...] Loose source routing hop points (8 max)
-G <n> Loose source routing hop pointer (4, 8, 12, ...)
-m, --max-conns <n> Maximum <n> simultaneous connections
-h, --help Display this help screen
-d, --delay <time> Wait between read/writes
-o, --output <filename> Dump session data to a file
-x, --hex-dump <filename> Dump session data as hex to a file
-i, --idle-timeout <time> Idle read/write timeout
-p, --source-port port Specify source port to use
-s, --source addr Specify source address to use (doesn't affect -l)
-l, --listen Bind and listen for incoming connections
-k, --keep-open Accept multiple connections in listen mode
-n, --nodns Do not resolve hostnames via DNS
-t, --telnet Answer Telnet negotiations
-u, --udp Use UDP instead of default TCP
--sctp Use SCTP instead of default TCP
-v, --verbose Set verbosity level (can be used several times)
-w, --wait <time> Connect timeout
-z Zero-I/O mode, report connection status only
--append-output Append rather than clobber specified output files
--send-only Only send data, ignoring received; quit on EOF
--recv-only Only receive data, never send anything
--allow Allow only given hosts to connect to Ncat
--allowfile A file of hosts allowed to connect to Ncat
--deny Deny given hosts from connecting to Ncat
--denyfile A file of hosts denied from connecting to Ncat
--broker Enable Ncat's connection brokering mode
--chat Start a simple Ncat chat server
--proxy <addr[:port]> Specify address of host to proxy through
--proxy-type <type> Specify proxy type ("http" or "socks4" or "socks5")
--proxy-auth <auth> Authenticate with HTTP or SOCKS proxy server
--ssl Connect or listen with SSL
--ssl-cert Specify SSL certificate file (PEM) for listening
--ssl-key Specify SSL private key (PEM) for listening
--ssl-verify Verify trust and domain name of certificates
--ssl-trustfile PEM file containing trusted SSL certificates
--ssl-ciphers Cipherlist containing SSL ciphers to use
--version Display Ncat's version information and exit
nc常用案例
TCP监听测试
- nc可作为server端
192.168.10.11
启动一个tcp的监听
- 客户端测试方法:直接telnet该机器ip+端口
UDP监听测试
- nc作为server端启动一个udp的监听
通过netstat可以看到udp协议已经监听:
> # netstat -tunlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* 15401/nc
- 客户端测试方法:(telnet只能测试tcp协议)
使用nc传输文件
使用nc传输文件不用scp或rsync那种输入密码的操作,当然也存在一定安全性。
例如:要把A机器上的一个sql文件发送到B机器上
(需要先开启侦听B机器端口,再到A机器发送数据到该端口)
步骤1,先在B机器上启动一个接收文件的监听,格式如下
步骤2,在A机器上往B机器的888端口发送数据,把下面sql包发送过去
也可通过nc传输目录,但这里不推荐使用,暂不举例。
网络测试
这里也不推荐使用nc,直接使用speedtest,简单:
wget -O speedtest-cli https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sivel/speedtest-cli/master/speedtest.py
chmod +x speedtest-cli
./speedtest-cli
解决telnet 无法断开问题
用CTRL+]
键,这时会强制退到telnet命令界面下,再输入quit
退出就行。
----by 钢铁 [email protected]