服务器端口测试是否正常,运维一般使用telnet来检查,但它有局限性,服务器的端口必须存在服务运行。
这时使用nc可以在服务端模拟开启一个端口,再通过nc测试此端口,好用!
nc是netcat工具的简称,一个网络工具,可以用来端口扫描、文件传输等功能。
centos上面安装也很简单:

nc常用功能

1、实现任意TCP/UDP端口的侦听,nc可以作为server以TCP或UDP方式侦听指定端口
2、端口的扫描,nc可以作为client发起TCP或UDP连接
3、机器之间传输文件
4、机器之间网络测速

一般nc只用来做TCP/UDP协议的端口测试,其它功能少用!

nc帮助说明

# nc --help
Ncat 7.50 ( https://nmap.org/ncat )
Usage: ncat [options] [hostname] [port]

Options taking a time assume seconds. Append 'ms' for milliseconds,
's' for seconds, 'm' for minutes, or 'h' for hours (e.g. 500ms).
  -4                         Use IPv4 only
  -6                         Use IPv6 only
  -U, --unixsock             Use Unix domain sockets only
  -C, --crlf                 Use CRLF for EOL sequence
  -c, --sh-exec <command>    Executes the given command via /bin/sh
  -e, --exec <command>       Executes the given command
      --lua-exec <filename>  Executes the given Lua script
  -g hop1[,hop2,...]         Loose source routing hop points (8 max)
  -G <n>                     Loose source routing hop pointer (4, 8, 12, ...)
  -m, --max-conns <n>        Maximum <n> simultaneous connections
  -h, --help                 Display this help screen
  -d, --delay <time>         Wait between read/writes
  -o, --output <filename>    Dump session data to a file
  -x, --hex-dump <filename>  Dump session data as hex to a file
  -i, --idle-timeout <time>  Idle read/write timeout
  -p, --source-port port     Specify source port to use
  -s, --source addr          Specify source address to use (doesn't affect -l)
  -l, --listen               Bind and listen for incoming connections
  -k, --keep-open            Accept multiple connections in listen mode
  -n, --nodns                Do not resolve hostnames via DNS
  -t, --telnet               Answer Telnet negotiations
  -u, --udp                  Use UDP instead of default TCP
      --sctp                 Use SCTP instead of default TCP
  -v, --verbose              Set verbosity level (can be used several times)
  -w, --wait <time>          Connect timeout
  -z                         Zero-I/O mode, report connection status only
      --append-output        Append rather than clobber specified output files
      --send-only            Only send data, ignoring received; quit on EOF
      --recv-only            Only receive data, never send anything
      --allow                Allow only given hosts to connect to Ncat
      --allowfile            A file of hosts allowed to connect to Ncat
      --deny                 Deny given hosts from connecting to Ncat
      --denyfile             A file of hosts denied from connecting to Ncat
      --broker               Enable Ncat's connection brokering mode
      --chat                 Start a simple Ncat chat server
      --proxy <addr[:port]>  Specify address of host to proxy through
      --proxy-type <type>    Specify proxy type ("http" or "socks4" or "socks5")
      --proxy-auth <auth>    Authenticate with HTTP or SOCKS proxy server
      --ssl                  Connect or listen with SSL
      --ssl-cert             Specify SSL certificate file (PEM) for listening
      --ssl-key              Specify SSL private key (PEM) for listening
      --ssl-verify           Verify trust and domain name of certificates
      --ssl-trustfile        PEM file containing trusted SSL certificates
      --ssl-ciphers          Cipherlist containing SSL ciphers to use
      --version              Display Ncat's version information and exit

nc常用案例

TCP监听测试

  • nc可作为server端192.168.10.11启动一个tcp的监听
  • 客户端测试方法:直接telnet该机器ip+端口

UDP监听测试

  • nc作为server端启动一个udp的监听

通过netstat可以看到udp协议已经监听:

> # netstat -tunlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address   Foreign Address   State  PID/Program name
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80      0.0.0.0:*                15401/nc
  • 客户端测试方法:(telnet只能测试tcp协议)

使用nc传输文件

使用nc传输文件不用scp或rsync那种输入密码的操作,当然也存在一定安全性。

例如:要把A机器上的一个sql文件发送到B机器上
(需要先开启侦听B机器端口,再到A机器发送数据到该端口)

步骤1,先在B机器上启动一个接收文件的监听,格式如下

步骤2,在A机器上往B机器的888端口发送数据,把下面sql包发送过去

也可通过nc传输目录,但这里不推荐使用,暂不举例。

网络测试

这里也不推荐使用nc,直接使用speedtest,简单:

wget -O speedtest-cli https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sivel/speedtest-cli/master/speedtest.py
chmod +x speedtest-cli
./speedtest-cli

解决telnet 无法断开问题

CTRL+]键,这时会强制退到telnet命令界面下,再输入quit退出就行。

----by 钢铁 [email protected]

09-26 10:41