Advanced R之词汇表

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词汇表

　　想要玩得转R，重要的一点是有一个好的工作词汇表。以下是我认为的一个好的词汇表。你不必熟悉每个函数的细节，但是你应该知道它们的存在。如果词汇表中的函数你没有听说过，我强烈建议你阅读下相关文档。

　　我阅读了base包、stats包、untils包所有的函数，并提取了我认为最重要的函数，组成了下列的词汇表。列表中也有一些其他包中的重要函数，而且还有一些更加重要的，比如options()。

基本函数

# The first functions to learn

?

str

# Important operators and assignment

%in%, match

=, <-, <<-

$, [, [[, head, tail, subset

with

assign, get

# Comparison

all.equal, identical

!=, ==, >, >=, <, <=

is.na, complete.cases

is.finite

# Basic math

*, +, -, /, ^, %%, %/%

abs, sign

acos, asin, atan, atan2

sin, cos, tan

ceiling, floor, round, trunc, signif

exp, log, log10, log2, sqrt

max, min, prod, sum

cummax, cummin, cumprod, cumsum, diff

pmax, pmin

range

mean, median, cor, sd, var

rle

# Functions to do with functions

function

missing

on.exit

return, invisible

# Logical & sets

&, |, !, xor

all, any

intersect, union, setdiff, setequal

which

# Vectors and matrices

c, matrix

# automatic coercion rules character > numeric > logical

length, dim, ncol, nrow

cbind, rbind

names, colnames, rownames

t

diag

sweep

as.matrix, data.matrix

# Making vectors

c

rep, rep_len

seq, seq_len, seq_along

rev

sample

choose, factorial, combn

(is/as).(character/numeric/logical/...)

# Lists & data.frames

list, unlist

data.frame, as.data.frame

split

expand.grid

# Control flow

if, &&, || (short circuiting)

for, while

next, break

switch

ifelse

# Apply & friends

lapply, sapply, vapply

apply

tapply

replicate

常见数据结构相关函数

# Date time

ISOdate, ISOdatetime, strftime, strptime, date

difftime

julian, months, quarters, weekdays

library(lubridate)

# Character manipulation

grep, agrep

gsub

strsplit

chartr

nchar

tolower, toupper

substr

paste

library(stringr)

# Factors

factor, levels, nlevels

reorder, relevel

cut, findInterval

interaction

options(stringsAsFactors = FALSE)

# Array manipulation

array

dim

dimnames

aperm

library(abind)

统计函数

# Ordering and tabulating

duplicated, unique

merge

order, rank, quantile

sort

table, ftable

# Linear models

fitted, predict, resid, rstandard

lm, glm

hat, influence.measures

logLik, df, deviance

formula, ~, I

anova, coef, confint, vcov

contrasts

# Miscellaneous tests

apropos("\\.test$")

# Random variables

(q, p, d, r) * (beta, binom, cauchy, chisq, exp, f, gamma, geom,

  hyper, lnorm, logis, multinom, nbinom, norm, pois, signrank, t,

  unif, weibull, wilcox, birthday, tukey)

# Matrix algebra

crossprod, tcrossprod

eigen, qr, svd

%*%, %o%, outer

rcond

solve

使用R

# Workspace

ls, exists, rm

getwd, setwd

q

source

install.packages, library, require

# Help

help, ?

help.search

apropos

RSiteSearch

citation

demo

example

vignette

# Debugging

traceback

browser

recover

options(error = )

stop, warning, message

tryCatch, try

输入/输出

# Output

print, cat

message, warning

dput

format

sink, capture.output

# Reading and writing data

data

count.fields

read.csv, write.csv

read.delim, write.delim

read.fwf

readLines, writeLines

readRDS, saveRDS

load, save

library(foreign)

# Files and directories

dir

basename, dirname, tools::file_ext

file.path

path.expand, normalizePath

file.choose

file.copy, file.create, file.remove, file.rename, dir.create

file.exists, file.info

tempdir, tempfile

download.file, library(downloader)