安装完成docker容器服务之后，需要了解如何操作它？在shell命令行下直接输入docker就可以查看帮助信息，如下。
[root@master ~]# docker
Usage: docker COMMAND
A self-sufficient runtime for containers
Options:
--config string Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
--help Print usage
-H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to (default [])
-l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug", "info", "warn", "error", "fatal") (default "info")
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
--tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
--tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit
Management Commands:
container Manage containers
image Manage images
network Manage networks
node Manage Swarm nodes
plugin Manage plugins
secret Manage Docker secrets
service Manage services
stack Manage Docker stacks
swarm Manage Swarm
system Manage Docker
volume Manage volumes
Commands:
attach Attach to a running container
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem
events Get real time events from the server
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
history Show the history of an image
images List images
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
info Display system-wide information
inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects
kill Kill one or more running containers
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
login Log in to a Docker registry
logout Log out from a Docker registry
logs Fetch the logs of a container
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
ps List containers
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers
rm Remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images
run Run a command in a new container
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
search Search the Docker Hub for images
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
version Show the Docker version information
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
1、docker start/stop/restart/kill
启动/停止/重启/杀掉容器
实例操作如下：
[root@docker ~]# docker start myweb
[root@docker ~]# docker stop myweb
[root@docker ~]# docker restart myweb
[root@docker ~]# docker kill -s kill myweb
参数 -s #向容器发送信号
这些命令不做过多解释
2、docker run
创建并启动一个新的容器
常用参数如下：
实例操作如下：
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d --name nginx nginx:latest
#后台启动并运行一个名为nginx的容器，运行前它会自动去docker镜像站点下载最新的镜像文件
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d -P 80:80 nginx:latest
#后台启动并运名为nginx的容器，然后将容器的80端口映射到物理机的80端口
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d -v /docker/data:/docker/data -P 80:80 nginx:latest
#后台启动并运名为nginx的容器，然后将容器的80端口映射到物理机的80端口,并且将物理机的/docker/data目录映射到容器的/docker/data
[root@docker ~]# docker run -it nginx:latest /bin/bash
#以交互式模式运行容器，然后在容器内执行/bin/bash命令
3、docker rm
删除容器
常用参数如下：
实例操作如下：
[root@docker ~]# docker rm -f mydocker
#强制删除容器mydocker
[root@docker ~]# docker rm -f dockerA dockerB
#强制删除容器dockerA，dockerB
[root@docker ~]# docker rm -v mydocker
#删除容器，并删除容器挂载的数据卷
4、docker create
创建一个新的容器但不启动它
[root@docker ~]# docker create --name myserver nginx:latest
09b93464c2f75b7b69f83d56a9cfc23ceb50a48a9db7652ee4c27e3e2cb1961f
#创建一个名为myserver的容器
5、docker exec
在运行的容器中执行命令
常用参数如下：
实例操作如下：
[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it mydocker /bin/sh /server/scripts/docker.sh
hello world!!!!!!!!!!
#以交互模式执行容器中的/server/scripts/docker.sh脚本
[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it mydocker /bin/sh
root@b1a0703e41e7:/#
#以交互模式给容器分配一个伪终端连接
6、docker ps
列出容器（正在运行）
常用参数如下：
实例操作如下：
[root@docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bd96d72ed9c7 google/cadvisor "/usr/bin/cadvisor..." 47 hours ago Up 47 hours 0.0.0.0:8082->8080/tcp cadvisor
665563143eb7 grafana/grafana "/run.sh" 2 days ago Up 2 days 0.0.0.0:3000->3000/tcp grafana
f2304dad5855 tutum/influxdb "/run.sh" 2 days ago Up 2 days 0.0.0.0:8083->8083/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8086->8086/tcp influxdb
#列出正在运行的容器
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -n 2
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bd96d72ed9c7 google/cadvisor "/usr/bin/cadvisor..." 47 hours ago Up 47 hours 0.0.0.0:8082->8080/tcp cadvisor
665563143eb7 grafana/grafana "/run.sh" 2 days ago Up 2 days 0.0.0.0:3000->3000/tcp grafana
#列出最近创建的2个容器
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a -q
bd96d72ed9c7
665563143eb7
f2304dad5855
9921d2660307
#显示所有容器的ID
7、docker inspect
获取容器的元数据
常用参数如下：
实例操作如下：
[root@docker ~]# docker inspect bd96d72ed9c7
[
{
"Id": "bd96d72ed9c713591ba8db0ed4c0ae2689188255da71033c7bced6bb34aa8542",
"Created": "2018-05-23T09:22:10.633809699Z",
"Path": "/usr/bin/cadvisor",
"Args": [
"-logtostderr",
"-storage_driver=influxdb",
"-storage_driver_db=cadvisor",
"-storage_driver_host=192.168.3.82:8086"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 17589,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2018-05-23T09:22:10.769771142Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:75f88e3ec333cbb410297e4f40297ac615e076b4a50aeeae49f287093ff01ab1",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/bd96d72ed9c713591ba8db0ed4c0ae2689188255da71033c7bced6bb34aa8542/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/bd96d72ed9c713591ba8db0ed4c0ae2689188255da71033c7bced6bb34aa8542/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/bd96d72ed9c713591ba8db0ed4c0ae2689188255da71033c7bced6bb34aa8542/hosts",
"LogPath": "",
"Name": "/cadvisor",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": [
"/:/rootfs,ro",
"/var/run:/var/run",
-------------------------------------------省略部分内容
#获取容器ID为bd96d72ed9c7的元数据信息
[root@docker ~]# docker inspect --format='{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' cadvisor
172.17.0.3
[root@docker ~]# docker inspect --format='{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' influxdb
172.17.0.2
#获取容器名为influxdb\cadvisor的IP地址
8、docker logs
获取容器的日志
常用参数如下：
实例操作如下：
[root@docker ~]# docker logs -f cadvisor
I0523 09:22:10.794233 1 storagedriver.go:48] Using backend storage type "influxdb"
I0523 09:22:10.794295 1 storagedriver.go:50] Caching stats in memory for 2m0s
I0523 09:22:10.794551 1 manager.go:151] cAdvisor running in container: "/sys/fs/cgroup/cpuacct,cpu"
I0523 09:22:10.810585 1 fs.go:139] Filesystem UUIDs: map[]
I0523 09:22:10.810599 1 fs.go:140] Filesystem partitions: map[shm:{mountpoint:/dev/shm major:0 minor:47 fsType:tmpfs blockSize:0} overlay:{mountpoint:/ major:0 minor:46 fsType:overlay blockSize:0} tmpfs:{mountpoint:/dev major:0 minor:50 fsType:tmpfs blockSize:0} /dev/mapper/centos-root:{mountpoint:/rootfs,ro major:253 minor:0 fsType:xfs blockSize:0} /dev/sda1:{mountpoint:/rootfs,ro/boot major:8 minor:1 fsType:xfs blockSize:0} /dev/mapper/centos-home:{mountpoint:/rootfs,ro/home major:253 minor:2 fsType:xfs blockSize:0}]
W0523 09:22:10.812419 1 info.go:52] Couldn't collect info from any of the files in "/etc/machine-id,/var/lib/dbus/machine-id"
I0523 09:22:10.812460 1 manager.go:225] Machine: {NumCores:1 CpuFrequency:2799091 MemoryCapacity:8203235328 HugePages:[{PageSize:2048 NumPages:0}] MachineID: SystemUUID:564D5235-FED8-3630-AA2B-D65F0855D036 BootID:fd7b3fb5-e74f-4280-80cf-0a7096239619 Filesystems:[{Device:tmpfs DeviceMajor:0 DeviceMinor:50 Capacity:4101615616 Type:vfs Inodes:1001371 HasInodes:true} {Device:/dev/mapper/centos-root DeviceMajor:253 DeviceMinor:0 Capacity:140633964544 Type:vfs Inodes:68681728 HasInodes:true} {Device:/dev/sda1 DeviceMajor:8 DeviceMinor:1 Capacity:1063256064 Type:vfs Inodes:524288 HasInodes:true} {Device:/dev/mapper/centos-home DeviceMajor:253 DeviceMinor:2 Capacity:21464350720 Type:vfs Inodes:10485760 HasInodes:true} {Device:shm DeviceMajor:0 DeviceMinor:47 Capacity:67108864 Type:vfs Inodes:1001371 HasInodes:true} {Device:overlay DeviceMajor:0 DeviceMinor:46 Capacity:140633964544 Type:vfs Inodes:68681728 HasInodes:true}] DiskMap:map[253:0:{Name:dm-0 Major:253 Minor:0 Size:140660178944 Scheduler:none} 253:1:{Name:dm-1 Major:253 Minor:1 Size:8455716864 Scheduler:none} 253:2:{Name:dm-2 Major:253 Minor:2 Size:21474836480 Scheduler:none} 2:0:{Name:fd0 Major:2 Minor:0 Size:4096 Scheduler:deadline} 8:0:{Name:sda Major:8 Minor:0 Size:171798691840 Scheduler:deadline}] NetworkDevices:[{Name:eth0 MacAddress:02:42:ac:11:00:03 Speed:10000 Mtu:1500}] Topology:[{Id:0 Memory:8589467648 Cores:[{Id:0 Threads:[0] Caches:[{Size:32768 Type:Data Level:1} {Size:32768 Type:Instruction Level:1} {Size:262144 Type:Unified Level:2}]}] Caches:[{Size:26214400 Type:Unified Level:3}]}] CloudProvider:Unknown InstanceType:Unknown InstanceID:None}
#跟踪查看容器cadvisor的日志
9、docker port
显示指定容器的端口映射
实例操作如下：
[root@docker ~]# docker port cadvisor
8080/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:8082
#显示cadvisor容器的端口映射信息
10、docker commit
用已存在的容器重新创建一个新的镜像
常用参数如下：
实例操作如下：
[root@docker ~]# docker commit -a "mingongge" -m "add a new images" bd96d72ed9c7 newdocker_images:v1.0.0
sha256:20ee805752cb7cae660fbae89d7c6ea4a9c6372f16a6cb079ecf6c79f87ed8c9
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
newdocker_images v1.0.0 20ee805752cb 7 seconds ago 62.2 MB
#将容器bd96d72ed9c7重新生成一个新的镜像名为newdocker_images
11、docker cp
用于容器与物理主机之间拷贝文件
实例操作如下：
[root@docker ~]# docker cp /data/index.html bd96d72ed9c7:/web/
#将物理主机中的/data/index.html拷贝到容器bd96d72ed9c7:/web/目录下
[root@docker ~]# docker cp /data/index.html bd96d72ed9c7:/web/index.php
#将物理主机中的/data/index.html拷贝到容器bd96d72ed9c7:/web/目录下并改名为index.php
[root@docker ~]# docker cp bd96d72ed9c7:/web /data/
#拷贝容器bd96d72ed9c7:/web/目录到物理主机中的/data/目录下
12、docker login/logout
用于登录与登出容器镜像仓库docker login #登陆到一个Docker镜像仓库，如果未指定镜像仓库地址，默认为官方仓库 Docker Hubdocker logout #登出一个Docker镜像仓库，如果未指定镜像仓库地址，默认为官方仓库 Docker Hub
常用参数如下：
实例操作如下：
[root@docker ~]# docker login -u username -p password
Login Succeeded
[root@docker ~]# docker logout
Removing login credentials for https://index.docker.io/v1/
#登录与登出默认的容器镜像仓库
13、docker pull/push
docker pull #从镜像仓库中拉取或者更新指定镜像docker push #将本地的镜像上传到镜像仓库,要先登陆到镜像仓库
实例操作如下：
[root@docker ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/nginx ...
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/nginx
f2aa67a397c4: Already exists
3c091c23e29d: Pulling fs layer
4a99993b8636: Pulling fs layer
#从镜像仓库中拉取或者更新指定镜像，输出信息如上
[root@docker ~]# docker push newdocker_images:v1.0.0
#上传镜像到镜像仓库上
14、docker images
显示系统本地容器镜像文件
常用参数如下：
实例操作如下：
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
newdocker_images v1.0.0 20ee805752cb 28 minutes ago 62.2 MB
docker.io/grafana/grafana latest 4700307f41f2 9 days ago 238 MB
registry.jumpserver.org/public/guacamole 1.0.0 6300349f2642 2 months ago 1.23 GB
docker.io/google/cadvisor latest 75f88e3ec333 5 months ago 62.2 MB
docker.io/tutum/influxdb latest c061e5808198 19 months ago 290 MB
#列出本地所有的镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker images -q
20ee805752cb
4700307f41f2
6300349f2642
75f88e3ec333
c061e5808198
#只显示容器ID
[root@docker ~]# docker images --digests
REPOSITORY TAG DIGEST IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
newdocker_images v1.0.0 <none> 20ee805752cb 32 minutes ago 62.2 MB
docker.io/grafana/grafana latest sha256:364bec4a39ecbec744ea4270aae35f6554eb6f2047b3ee08f7b5f1134857c32c 4700307f41f2 9 days ago 238 MB
registry.jumpserver.org/public/guacamole 1.0.0 sha256:ea862bb2e83b648701655c27900bca14b0ab7ab9d4572e716c25a816dc55307b 6300349f2642 2 months ago 1.23 GB
docker.io/google/cadvisor latest sha256:9e347affc725efd3bfe95aa69362cf833aa810f84e6cb9eed1cb65c35216632a 75f88e3ec333 5 months ago 62.2 MB
docker.io/tutum/influxdb latest sha256:5b7c5e318303ad059f3d1a73d084c12cb39ae4f35f7391b79b0ff2c0ba45304b c061e5808198 19 months ago 290 MB
[root@docker ~]# docker images --no-trunc
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
newdocker_images v1.0.0 sha256:20ee805752cb7cae660fbae89d7c6ea4a9c6372f16a6cb079ecf6c79f87ed8c9 32 minutes ago 62.2 MB
docker.io/grafana/grafana latest sha256:4700307f41f249630f6d772638ad8d32c7d7e3ec86c324d449d5e21076991bb7 9 days ago 238 MB
registry.jumpserver.org/public/guacamole 1.0.0 sha256:6300349f264218e783cd2bd6f7863d356ac8d5ac05a62584cb4680af7ebec292 2 months ago 1.23 GB
docker.io/google/cadvisor latest sha256:75f88e3ec333cbb410297e4f40297ac615e076b4a50aeeae49f287093ff01ab1 5 months ago 62.2 MB
docker.io/tutum/influxdb latest sha256:c061e580819875fad91910841fd3fc53893524bbb9326a68b2470861633aebb1 19 months ago 290 MB
#可以对比下两个参数显示的不同信息
15、docker rmi
删除镜像
常用参数如下：
实例操作如下：
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
newdocker_images v1.1.0 858cbd9ba687 6 seconds ago 62.2 MB
newdocker_images v1.0.0 20ee805752cb 36 minutes ago 62.2 MB
docker.io/grafana/grafana latest 4700307f41f2 9 days ago 238 MB
registry.jumpserver.org/public/guacamole 1.0.0 6300349f2642 2 months ago 1.23 GB
docker.io/google/cadvisor latest 75f88e3ec333 5 months ago 62.2 MB
docker.io/tutum/influxdb latest c061e5808198 19 months ago 290 MB
[root@docker ~]# docker rmi 20ee805752cb
Untagged: newdocker_images:v1.0.0
Deleted: sha256:20ee805752cb7cae660fbae89d7c6ea4a9c6372f16a6cb079ecf6c79f87ed8c9
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
newdocker_images v1.1.0 858cbd9ba687 39 seconds ago 62.2 MB
docker.io/grafana/grafana latest 4700307f41f2 9 days ago 238 MB
registry.jumpserver.org/public/guacamole 1.0.0 6300349f2642 2 months ago 1.23 GB
docker.io/google/cadvisor latest 75f88e3ec333 5 months ago 62.2 MB
docker.io/tutum/influxdb latest c061e5808198 19 months ago 290 MB
#删除一个镜像
16、docker tag
标记本地镜像
实例操作如下：
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
newdocker_images v1.1.0 858cbd9ba687 39 seconds ago 62.2 MB
[root@docker ~]# docker tag newdocker_images:v1.1.0 newdocker_images:v2
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
newdocker_images v1.1.0 858cbd9ba687 4 minutes ago 62.2 MB
newdocker_images v2 858cbd9ba687 4 minutes ago 62.2 MB
#从结果可以看出两个容器的ID是一样的，只是TAG改变了，类似于linux中文件与文件的硬链接一样，其两者的inode号相同。
17、docker build :
使用Dockerfile创建镜像
常用参数如下：
18、docker history
查看指定镜像的创建历史
常用参数如下：
实例操作如下：
[root@docker ~]# docker history newdocker_images:v2
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
858cbd9ba687 32 minutes ago -storage_driver=influxdb -storage_driver_d... 0 B add new images
75f88e3ec333 5 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/bin/c... 0 B
<missing> 5 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 8080/tcp 0 B
<missing> 5 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:e138bb5c0c12107... 26.5 MB
<missing> 5 months ago /bin/sh -c apk --no-cache add ca-certifica... 30.9 MB
<missing> 5 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV GLIBC_VERSION=2.23-r3 0 B
<missing> 5 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) MAINTAINER dengnan@goog... 0 B
<missing> 5 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/sh"] 0 B
<missing> 5 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:c05a199f603e2a9... 4.82 MB
19、docker info
显示 Docker 系统信息，包括镜像和容器数
实例操作如下：
[root@docker ~]# docker info
Containers: 4
Running: 3
Paused: 0
Stopped: 1
Images: 5
Server Version: 1.13.1
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: xfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: journald
Cgroup Driver: systemd
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: docker-runc runc
Default Runtime: docker-runc
Init Binary: /usr/libexec/docker/docker-init-current
containerd version: (expected: aa8187dbd3b7ad67d8e5e3a15115d3eef43a7ed1)
runc version: e9c345b3f906d5dc5e8100b05ce37073a811c74a (expected: 9df8b306d01f59d3a8029be411de015b7304dd8f)
init version: 5b117de7f824f3d3825737cf09581645abbe35d4 (expected: 949e6facb77383876aeff8a6944dde66b3089574)
Security Options:
seccomp
WARNING: You're not using the default seccomp profile
Profile: /etc/docker/seccomp.json
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
Number of Docker Hooks: 3
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 7.64 GiB
Name: docker
ID: K7N6:CHF5:KAZP:QFDB:VYBP:IWMW:7VMV:L4TB:OJD2:SEZI:YRRR:4TJN
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
WARNING: bridge-nf-call-iptables is disabled
WARNING: bridge-nf-call-ip6tables is disabled
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Live Restore Enabled: false
Registries: docker.io (secure)
20、docker version
显示 Docker 版本信息
实例操作如下：
[root@docker ~]# docker version
Client:
Version: 1.13.1
API version: 1.26
Package version: docker-1.13.1-63.git94f4240.el7.centos.x86_64
Go version: go1.9.4
Git commit: 94f4240/1.13.1
Built: Fri May 18 15:44:33 2018
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Server:
Version: 1.13.1
API version: 1.26 (minimum version 1.12)
Package version: docker-1.13.1-63.git94f4240.el7.centos.x86_64
Go version: go1.9.4
Git commit: 94f4240/1.13.1
Built: Fri May 18 15:44:33 2018
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false