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nginx单机1w并发优化

目录

ab工具
整体优化思路
具体的优化思路
编写脚本完成并发优化配置
性能统计工具
tips
总结

ab工具

ab -c 10000 -n 200000 http://localhost/index.html

[root@study02 ~]# ab -c 10000 -n 100000 http://192.168.0.217/index.html
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1430300 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking 192.168.0.217 (be patient)
socket: Too many open files (24)

整体优化思路

  • 允许建立更多的socket连接
  • 允许打开更多的文件

具体的优化思路

1、socket层面

  • 系统层面
  • 不做洪水抵御
  • 最大连接数somaxconn
  • 加快tcp连接回收 recyle
  • 空的tcp连接是否允许回收利用reuse
  • nginx
  • 每个子进程允许打开的连接(work_connections)
  • 加快http连接，快速关闭,keepalive_timeout 0

2、文件层面

  • nginx层面
  • 子进程允许打开的文件 worker_rlimit_nofile
  • 系统层面
  • ulimit -n 10000(设置一个比较大的值,允许打开文件数)

具体的配置操作

1、系统配置

查看系统允许打开的最大连接数

more /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn
echo 50000 > /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn

打开系统快速连接回收

cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_recycle
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_recycle

打开空的tcp连接允许回收利用

cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_reuse
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_reuse

不做洪水抵御

cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_syncookies
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_syncookies

2、nginx配置

  • http 1.0 client server 请求-应答-断开
  • http 1.1 防止频繁的握手,nginx设置keepalive_timeout参数是一个请求完成之后还要保持连接多久减少tcp的连接次数，在高并发的网站中，keepalived是一个需要严重注意的选项，需要将其设置为0不做保持连接提高并发
worker_rlimit_nofile 10000;
events {
    worker_connections 10000;
}
keepalive_timeout 0;

编写脚本完成并发优化配置

echo 50000 > /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_recycle
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_reuse
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_syncookies

排除问题：

  • 系统的dmesg观察
  • nginx的error.log来观察

dmesg|tail

性能统计工具

安装统计模块http_stub_status_module，便于观察nginx的状态

  • 1.进入之前nginx的安装包目录，查找是否有统计模块可以安装

删选出所有可以安装的包

    root@STUDY3 nginx-1.14.2]# cat auto/options |grep YES
    HTTP=YES
    HTTP_CACHE=YES
    HTTP_CHARSET=YES
    HTTP_GZIP=YES
    HTTP_SSI=YES
    HTTP_ACCESS=YES
    HTTP_AUTH_BASIC=YES
    HTTP_MIRROR=YES
    HTTP_USERID=YES
    HTTP_AUTOINDEX=YES
    HTTP_GEO=YES
    HTTP_MAP=YES
    HTTP_SPLIT_CLIENTS=YES
    HTTP_REFERER=YES
    HTTP_REWRITE=YES
    HTTP_PROXY=YES
    HTTP_FASTCGI=YES
    HTTP_UWSGI=YES
    HTTP_SCGI=YES
    HTTP_GRPC=YES
    HTTP_MEMCACHED=YES
    HTTP_LIMIT_CONN=YES
    HTTP_LIMIT_REQ=YES
    HTTP_EMPTY_GIF=YES
    HTTP_BROWSER=YES
    HTTP_UPSTREAM_HASH=YES
    HTTP_UPSTREAM_IP_HASH=YES
    HTTP_UPSTREAM_LEAST_CONN=YES
    HTTP_UPSTREAM_KEEPALIVE=YES
    HTTP_UPSTREAM_ZONE=YES
    MAIL_POP3=YES
    MAIL_IMAP=YES
    MAIL_SMTP=YES
    STREAM_LIMIT_CONN=YES
    STREAM_ACCESS=YES
    STREAM_GEO=YES
    STREAM_MAP=YES
    STREAM_SPLIT_CLIENTS=YES
    STREAM_RETURN=YES
    STREAM_UPSTREAM_HASH=YES
    STREAM_UPSTREAM_LEAST_CONN=YES
    STREAM_UPSTREAM_ZONE=YES
            --with-select_module)            EVENT_SELECT=YES           ;;
            --with-poll_module)              EVENT_POLL=YES             ;;
            --with-threads)                  USE_THREADS=YES            ;;
            --with-file-aio)                 NGX_FILE_AIO=YES           ;;
            --with-http_ssl_module)          HTTP_SSL=YES               ;;
            --with-http_v2_module)           HTTP_V2=YES                ;;
            --with-http_realip_module)       HTTP_REALIP=YES            ;;
            --with-http_addition_module)     HTTP_ADDITION=YES          ;;
            --with-http_xslt_module)         HTTP_XSLT=YES              ;;
            --with-http_image_filter_module) HTTP_IMAGE_FILTER=YES      ;;
            --with-http_geoip_module)        HTTP_GEOIP=YES             ;;
            --with-http_sub_module)          HTTP_SUB=YES               ;;
            --with-http_dav_module)          HTTP_DAV=YES               ;;
            --with-http_flv_module)          HTTP_FLV=YES               ;;
            --with-http_mp4_module)          HTTP_MP4=YES               ;;
            --with-http_gunzip_module)       HTTP_GUNZIP=YES            ;;
            --with-http_gzip_static_module)  HTTP_GZIP_STATIC=YES       ;;
            --with-http_auth_request_module) HTTP_AUTH_REQUEST=YES      ;;
            --with-http_random_index_module) HTTP_RANDOM_INDEX=YES      ;;
            --with-http_secure_link_module)  HTTP_SECURE_LINK=YES       ;;
            --with-http_degradation_module)  HTTP_DEGRADATION=YES       ;;
            --with-http_slice_module)        HTTP_SLICE=YES             ;;
            --with-http_perl_module)         HTTP_PERL=YES              ;;
            --with-http_stub_status_module)  HTTP_STUB_STATUS=YES       ;;
            --with-mail)                     MAIL=YES                   ;;
            --with-mail_ssl_module)          MAIL_SSL=YES               ;;
                MAIL=YES
                MAIL_SSL=YES
            --with-stream)                   STREAM=YES                 ;;
            --with-stream_ssl_module)        STREAM_SSL=YES             ;;
            --with-stream_realip_module)     STREAM_REALIP=YES          ;;
            --with-stream_geoip_module)      STREAM_GEOIP=YES           ;;
                                             STREAM_SSL_PREREAD=YES     ;;
            --with-google_perftools_module)  NGX_GOOGLE_PERFTOOLS=YES   ;;
            --with-cpp_test_module)          NGX_CPP_TEST=YES           ;;
            --with-compat)                   NGX_COMPAT=YES             ;;
            --with-debug)                    NGX_DEBUG=YES              ;;
            --with-pcre)                     USE_PCRE=YES               ;;
            --with-pcre-jit)                 PCRE_JIT=YES               ;;
            --with-libatomic)                NGX_LIBATOMIC=YES          ;;
            --test-build-devpoll)            NGX_TEST_BUILD_DEVPOLL=YES ;;
            --test-build-eventport)          NGX_TEST_BUILD_EVENTPORT=YES ;;
            --test-build-epoll)              NGX_TEST_BUILD_EPOLL=YES   ;;
            --test-build-solaris-sendfilev)  NGX_TEST_BUILD_SOLARIS_SENDFILEV=YES ;;

查看是否有http_stub_status_module模块

[root@STUDY3 nginx-1.14.2]# cat auto/options |grep YES|grep 'http_stub_status_module'
        --with-http_stub_status_module)  HTTP_STUB_STATUS=YES       ;;

make && make install
  • 2.安装nginx的性能统计工具
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx/ --with-http_stub_status_module
  • 3.查看模块是否安装成功
    [root@STUDY3 nginx-1.14.2]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V
    nginx version: nginx/1.14.2
    built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36) (GCC)
    configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx/ --with-http_stub_status_module

说明模块已经安装成功了

  • 4.在nginx的server配置项里面加入如下配置开启性能统计工具
    location /nginx_status {
        stub_status on;
        access_log off;
        allow 127.0.0.1;
    }
  • 5.查看,刷新访问页面http://192.168.0.217/nginx_status查看状态
Active connections: 2020
server accepts handled requests
 897553 897553 442986
Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 2019
  • 6.ab测试
    [root@study02 ~]# ab -c 10000 -n 200000 http://192.168.0.217/index.html
    This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1430300 $>
    Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
    Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

    Benchmarking 192.168.0.217 (be patient)
    Completed 20000 requests
    Completed 40000 requests
    Completed 60000 requests
    Completed 80000 requests
    Completed 100000 requests
    Completed 120000 requests
    Completed 140000 requests
    Completed 160000 requests
    Completed 180000 requests
    Completed 200000 requests
    Finished 200000 requests


    Server Software:        nginx/1.14.2
    Server Hostname:        192.168.0.217
    Server Port:            80

    Document Path:          /index.html
    Document Length:        612 bytes

    Concurrency Level:      10000
    Time taken for tests:   13.268 seconds
    Complete requests:      200000
    Failed requests:        345710
       (Connect: 0, Receive: 0, Length: 174517, Exceptions: 171193)
    Write errors:           0
    Non-2xx responses:      21
    Total transferred:      24276700 bytes
    HTML transferred:       17581305 bytes
    Requests per second:    15074.19 [#/sec] (mean)
    Time per request:       663.386 [ms] (mean)
    Time per request:       0.066 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
    Transfer rate:          1786.87 [Kbytes/sec] received

    Connection Times (ms)
                  min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
    Connect:        0  322  85.2    324    1238
    Processing:    69  322 108.4    315     692
    Waiting:        0   38 103.0      0     503
    Total:        373  643  97.8    625    1651

    Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
      50%    625
      66%    640
      75%    643
      80%    646
      90%    739
      95%    883
      98%    976
      99%   1015
     100%   1651 (longest request)

tips

  • 测试机器也需要配置ulimit -n 一个较大的数字
  • 测试机器需要配置echo 50000 > /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn

总结

在做服务器部署的时候，首先必须要了解服务器的配置和服务器所能够处理的极限，最先测试的时候可以先从nginx的只跑html静态页面测试开始，不连数据库不做缓存，不做逻辑处理，不做cdn来测试nginx的最大能力。大家知道如果加入php，连接了数据库，做了数据库缓存做了图片cdn并发会有有影响，那之后的事情也是一样逐个调试压榨服务器的最大性能，有针对性的优化才是正确的。

08-24 16:06
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