[terry笔记]ogg_迁移同步实验_零停机

oracle golden gate我最近正在琢磨，这个软件我觉得约等于dataguard的逻辑模式，我认为其最大的优势是更可控制，比如可以细化到某个schema、某个table的同步。

如下实验的主要步骤：

ogg根据scn同步数据，源库零停机时间

1. 配置好ogg源端的mgr、抓取和传送进程，并启动。

2. 配置好ogg目标端的mgr、复制进程，仅启动mgr。

3. 源端可自由进行交易，此时观察源与目标的trail文件是否都正常。

4. 查询源端此时的scn，并按照参数flashbask_scn进行expdp。

5. 目标端impdp导入。

6. 目标端start replicat xxx,aftercsn xxxxx

GoldenGate重要进程介绍：

1、Manager管理进程在两端开启，监控和重启其他进程；分配数据存储和报告错误及事件；

2、Extract进程从日志中抓取并传输到target端事务数据；

3、Server Collector进程在target(接受)端接受数据并写入trail文件；

4、Replicat进程读取trail文件，并应用到traget数据库；

5、trail文件时gg自己抓捕信息的文件，是一个OS文件，存放在./dirdat/下，以X00000命名，N顺序1，2,3…此文件用完可配置参数自动删除。

一、环境准备并安装GoldenGate

1. 数据库准备情况（我是在一个主机上面两个实例）

1) 源服务器

IP地址：192.168.82.178

数据库：11.2.0.4.0 64 bit

SID: terry

操作系统版本：Oracle 6.5 64 bit

ogg版本：ogg112101_fbo_ggs_Linux_x64_ora11g_64bit.zip

2) 目标服务器

IP地址：192.168.82.178

数据库：10.2.0.5 64 bit

SID: ora10g

操作系统版本：Oracle 6.4 64 bit

ogg版本：ogg112101_fbo_ggs_Linux_x64_ora11g_64bit.zip

说明：前提条件是数据库已经准备方式安装完毕。

2. 下载OGG软件并解压安装

1) 源服务器

系统用户ggsmb

/home/ggsmb/ggsmb_home

2) 目标服务器都要配置

系统用户ggs

/home/ggs/ggs_home

3. 准备OGG环境变量

#源服务器、与目标服务器都要配置

$ vi /home/ggs/.bash_profile

$ vi /home/ggsmb/.bash_profile

ggsmb增加如下行：

export PATH

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.

export ORACLE_SID=terry

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/home/ggsmb/ggsmb_home

ggs增加如下行：

export PATH

export ORACLE_BASE=/u02

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.

export ORACLE_SID=ora10g

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/home/ggs/ggs_home:/usr/local/lib:/usr/X11R6/lib

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH_64=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

4. 配置日志模式

#目标服务器不用配置(非双向)

1) 查看规档与日志模式

sqlplus / as sysdba

select log_mode,supplemental_log_data_min,force_logging from v$database;

2) 配置为规档模式

shutdown immediate;

startup mount;

alter database archivelog;

alter database open;

alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archive' scope=both;

3) 配置日志模式(打开强制规档与补充日志模式)

alter database add supplemental log data;

alter database force logging;

4）查看配置结果：

SQL> select log_mode,supplemental_log_data_min,force_logging from v$database;

LOG_MODE     SUPPLEME FOR

------------ -------- ---

ARCHIVELOG   YES      YES

5. 创建GoldenGate用户帐号

1) 源服务器

su - oracle

sqlplus /nolog

conn / as sysdba;

create tablespace ogg datafile '/u01/oradata/terry/ogg.dbf' size 10m autoextend on next 10m;

create user ggs identified by ggs default tablespace ogg temporary tablespace TEMP quota unlimited on ogg;

grant connect,resource to ggs;

grant create session,alter session to ggs;

grant select any dictionary,select any table to ggs;

grant alter any table to ggs;

grant flashback any table to ggs;

grant execute on dbms_flashback to ggs;

--或直接grant dba to ggs;

2) 目标服务器

su - oracle

sqlplus /nolog

conn / as sysdba;

create tablespace ogg datafile '/u02/oradata/ora10g/ogg.dbf' size 10m autoextend on next 10m;

create user ggs identified by ggs default tablespace ogg temporary tablespace TEMP quota unlimited on ogg;

grant connect,resource to ggs;

grant create session,alter session to ggs;

grant select any dictionary,select any table to ggs;

grant alter any table to ggs;

grant flashback any table to ggs;

grant execute on dbms_flashback to ggs;

grant insert any table to ggs;

grant delete any table to ggs;

grant update any table to ggs;

--或直接grant dba to ggs;

6. 安装GoldenGate软件

(1) 源服务器、与目标服务器都要配置

su - ggsmb

cd /home/ggsmb/ggsmb_home

./ggsci

GGSCI (terry) 1> create subdirs

Creating subdirectories under current directory /home/ggsmb/ggsmb_home

Parameter files /home/ggsmb/ggsmb_home/dirprm: created

Report files /home/ggsmb/ggsmb_home/dirrpt: created

Checkpoint files /home/ggsmb/ggsmb_home/dirchk: created

Process status files /home/ggsmb/ggsmb_home/dirpcs: created

SQL script files /home/ggsmb/ggsmb_home/dirsql: created

Database definitions files /home/ggsmb/ggsmb_home/dirdef: created

Extract data files /home/ggsmb/ggsmb_home/dirdat: created

Temporary files /home/ggsmb/ggsmb_home/dirtmp: created

Veridata files /home/ggsmb/ggsmb_home/dirver: created

GGSCI (terry) 2> quit

(2) 目标服务器都要配置

su - ggs

cd /home/ggs/ggs_home

./ggsci

GGSCI (terry) 1> create subdirs

Creating subdirectories under current directory /home/ggs/ggs_home

Parameter files /home/ggs/ggs_home/dirprm: created

Report files /home/ggs/ggs_home/dirrpt: created

Checkpoint files /home/ggs/ggs_home/dirchk: created

Process status files /home/ggs/ggs_home/dirpcs: created

SQL script files /home/ggs/ggs_home/dirsql: created

Database definitions files /home/ggs/ggs_home/dirdef: created

Extract data files /home/ggs/ggs_home/dirdat: created

Temporary files /home/ggs/ggs_home/dirtmp: created

Veridata files /home/ggs/ggs_home/dirver: created

GGSCI (terry) 2> quit

二、 GoldenGate DML同步源端配置

cd /u01/app/oracle/ogg

./ggsci

1. 源MGR进程

1) 编辑mgr程组

edit params mgr

port 7809

dynamicportlist 7800-7899

autorestart extract *,retries 5,waitminutes 2

purgeoldextracts ./dirdat/*,usecheckpoints,minkeepdays 7

lagreporthours 1

laginfominutes 30

lagcriticalminutes 45

说明:

port 指定mgr进程通信端口

dynamicportlist 表示mgr进程可以为源与目的端动态通信指定端口

autorestart extract 表示自动重启extract进程组，每2分钟尝试重启所有进程，重试5次。

配置参数后，重启mgr进程生效

purgeoldextracts xxx，usercheckpoints,minkeepdays x表示trail文件会保留7天，ogg会根据checkpoint删除使用过的trail文件。

lagreporthours 1 每隔1小时检查一次extract和replicat的lag。

laginfominutes 30 如果lag超过规定的值（lagcritical），会报错critical。如果没问题，会每30分钟报告信息。

lagcriticalminutes 45 会每隔45分钟报告critical信息。

2) 启动主管理进程

GGSCI (terry) 3> start mgr

Manager started.

GGSCI (terry) 4> info all

Program Status Group Lag at Chkpt Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER RUNNING

2. 配置Extract进程组

GGSCI (terry) 5> edit params test_ext

GGSCI (terry) 9> view param test_ext

extract test_ext

dynamicresolution

setenv (NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8)

userid ggs,password ggs

exttrail /home/ggsmb/ggsmb_home/dirdat/te

table test.*;

2) 添加抽取进程

GGSCI (terry) 6> add extract test_ext,tranlog,begin now

EXTRACT added.

3) 添加本地trail文件,源extract进程负责写这部分文件，pump负责把这部分文件传到目标服务器端。

GGSCI (terry) 7> add exttrail /home/ggsmb/ggsmb_home/dirdat/te,extract test_ext

EXTTRAIL added.

GGSCI (terry) 10> info all

Program Status Group Lag at Chkpt Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER RUNNING

EXTRACT STOPPED TEST_EXT 00:00:00 00:01:13

说明:

extract eora定义extract进程名字

dynamicresolution

setenv设置环境变量

userid 登录数据库

exttrail指定本地trail文件地址

table 定义同步的表

4) 启动服务

GGSCI (terry) 19> start extract test_ext

Sending START request to MANAGER ...

EXTRACT TEST_EXT starting

GGSCI (terry) 20> info all

Program Status Group Lag at Chkpt Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER RUNNING

EXTRACT RUNNING TEST_EXT 00:04:39 00:00:00

此时观察dirdat目录，可以发现抽取的文件：

[ggsmb@terry dirdat]$ pwd

/home/ggsmb/ggsmb_home/dirdat

[ggsmb@terry dirdat]$ ll

总用量 4

-rw-rw-rw- 1 ggsmb oinstall 1053 6月 17 11:27 te0000

3. 配置Pump进程组

1) 编辑配置文件

edit params test_p

extract test_p

dynamicresolution

passthru

rmthost 192.168.82.178,mgrport 7909,compress

rmttrail /home/ggs/ggs_home/dirdat/tp

table test.*;

2) 添加pump进程

add extract test_p,exttrailsource /hoem/ggsmb/ggsmb_home/dirdat/te

3) 添加远程trail文件

GGSCI (terry) 27> add rmttrail /home/ggs/ggs_home/dirdat/tp,extract test_p

RMTTRAIL added.

4) 启动pump进程

GGSCI (terry) 29> start extract test_p

Sending START request to MANAGER ...

EXTRACT TEST_P starting

GGSCI (terry) 30> info all

Program Status Group Lag at Chkpt Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER RUNNING

EXTRACT RUNNING TEST_EXT 00:00:00 00:00:03

EXTRACT RUNNING TEST_P 00:00:00 00:03:04

三、 GoldenGate DML同步目标端配置

1. 目标端MGR进程

1) 编辑配置文件

GGSCI (terry) 1> view param mgr

port 7909

dynamicportlist 7900-7999

purgeoldextracts /home/ggs/ggs_home/dirdat/*, usecheckpoints, minkeepdays 3

2) 启动

GGSCI (terry) 2> start mgr

Manager started.

GGSCI (terry) 3> info all

Program Status Group Lag at Chkpt Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER RUNNING

REPLICAT ABENDED REPL 00:00:00 20:42:08

GGSCI (terry) 4> exit

此时在目标端的dirdat中可以看到由源端传送过来的trail文件

[ggs@terry ggs_home]$ cd dirdat

[ggs@terry dirdat]$ ll

总用量 0

-rw-rw-rw- 1 ggs oinstall 0 6月 17 13:18 tp000000

2. 添加检查表

说明: 当我们在GLOBALS 文件里指定了默认的checkpoint 之后，新的Replicat groups 在创建时会自动使用这个参数，不需要其他指令

1) 编辑全局配置文件

edit params ./GLOBALS

CHECKPOINTTABLE ggs.checkpoint

2）exit # 这里需要退出ggsci终端

3) 添加checkpoint表

./ggsci

GGSCI (slave) 1> dblogin userid ggs,password ggs

Successfully logged into database.

GGSCI (slave) 2> add checkpointtable ggs.checkpoint

Successfully created checkpoint table GGS.CHECKPOINT.

3. 配置目标端Peplicat进程组

1) 编辑配置文件

edit params test_r

replicat test_r

userid ggs,password ggs

assumetargetdefs

reperror default,discard

discardfile /home/ggs/ggs_home/dirrpt/test_r.desc

dynamicresolution

map test.*;target test.*;

2) 添加复制进程，此时不要启动进程

GGSCI (terry) 6> add replicat test_r,exttrail /home/ggs/ggs_home/dirdat/tp,checkpointtable ggs.checkpoint

REPLICAT added.

GGSCI (terry) 7> info all

Program Status Group Lag at Chkpt Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER RUNNING

REPLICAT STOPPED TEST_R 00:00:00 00:00:03

四、查询源scn，将源数据导入目标库

1.源库按照scn导入到目标库

SQL> select * from t1;

----------

SQL> select current_scn from v$database;

CURRENT_SCN

-----------

1136851

[oracle@terry dump]$ expdp system/oracle directory=dump dumpfile=test.dmp schemas=test flashback_scn=1136851 version=10.2

Export: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Jun 17 13:30:09 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

FLASHBACK automatically enabled to preserve database integrity.

Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01":  system/******** directory=dump dumpfile=test.dmp schemas=test flashback_scn=1136851 version=10.2

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

. . exported "TEST"."T1"                                 4.968 KB       5 rows

Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:

  /dump/test.dmp

Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Tue Jun 17 13:30:20 2014 elapsed 0 00:00:10

[oracle@terry dump]$ exit

logout

[root@terry 桌面]# su - ora10g

[ora10g@terry ~]$ cd /dump

[ora10g@terry dump]$ impdp system/oracle directory=dump dumpfile=test.dmp

Import: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production on Tuesday, 17 June, 2014 13:30:57

Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01":  system/******** directory=dump dumpfile=test.dmp

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "TEST"."T1"                                 4.968 KB       5 rows

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at 13:31:00

2.验证目标库数据

SQL> conn test/test

Connected.

SQL> select * from t1;

----------

3.源库做出交易

SQL> insert into t1 values(6);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into t1 values(7);

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

此时原库的trail文件te和目标库的trail文件tp应当都出现了赠长：

[ggsmb@terry dirdat]$ ll

总用量 4

-rw-rw-rw- 1 ggsmb oinstall 1383 6月 17 13:35 te000000

[ggs@terry dirdat]$ ll

总用量 4

-rw-rw-rw- 1 ggs oinstall 1303 6月 17 13:31 tp000000

3.启动replicat（aftercsn）

GGSCI (terry) 2> start replicat test_r,aftercsn 1136851

Sending START request to MANAGER ...

REPLICAT TEST_R starting

GGSCI (terry) 3> info all

Program Status Group Lag at Chkpt Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER RUNNING

REPLICAT RUNNING TEST_R 00:00:00 00:00:01

5.验证目标库数据

SQL> /

----------

7 rows selected.

至此就完成了。