# 爬虫主程序quotes.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from quotetutorial.items import QuoteItem
# 启动爬虫
# 请求都是默认的，我们不需要管请求的操作，只要关心解析的过程就可以了
class QuotesSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = "quotes"
allowed_domains = ["quotes.toscrape.com"]
start_urls = ['http://quotes.toscrape.com/']
# python默认执行了相当一部分操作,比如这里,有了start_urls以后,会默认启用start_requests方法,该方法遍历得到每一个url,并且调用make_requests_from_url进行请求,返回response给parse函数
# 请求得到的结果，回调给parse，response即相应结果
def parse(self, response):
quotes = response.css('.quote')
for quote in quotes:
# 如果只有一个内容，可以用extract_first，如果有多个内容可以用extract全部提取出来
# 可以用scrapy-conda shell quotes.toscrape.com 进入到命令行交互模式下
item = QuoteItem()
text = quote.css('.text::text').extract_first()
author = quote.css('.author::text').extract_first()
tags = quote.css('.tags .tag::text').extract()
item['text'] = text
item['author'] = author
item['tags'] = tags
yield item
# 获取下一页的相对url
next = response.css('.pager .next a::attr(href)').extract_first()
# 拼接成绝对url
url = response.urljoin(next)
#递归调用，循环打开下一页
yield scrapy.Request(url = url, callback=self.parse)
# 可以用scrapy-conda crawl quotes -o 文件名+扩展名
# quotes.json/quotes.jl/quotes.csv/quotes.pickle/quotes.xml/quotes.marshal导出各种格式
# ftp://user:[email protected]/path/quotes.csv 可以远程ftp保存
# items定义的项目数据结构
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
# items相当于定义一个数据结构，给它指定一个个字段，比如标题，图片，文本内容等
import scrapy
class QuoteItem(scrapy.Item):
# define the fields for your item here like:
# name = scrapy.Field()
text = scrapy.Field()
author = scrapy.Field()
tags = scrapy.Field()
# 中间储藏环节middlewares.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define here the models for your spider middleware
#
# See documentation in:
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
from scrapy import signals
class QuotetutorialSpiderMiddleware(object):
# Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
# scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the
# passed objects.
@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
# This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
s = cls()
crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
return s
def process_spider_input(response, spider):
# Called for each response that goes through the spider
# middleware and into the spider.
# Should return None or raise an exception.
return None
def process_spider_output(response, result, spider):
# Called with the results returned from the Spider, after
# it has processed the response.
# Must return an iterable of Request, dict or Item objects.
for i in result:
yield i
def process_spider_exception(response, exception, spider):
# Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method
# (from other spider middleware) raises an exception.
# Should return either None or an iterable of Response, dict
# or Item objects.
pass
def process_start_requests(start_requests, spider):
# Called with the start requests of the spider, and works
# similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except
# that it doesn’t have a response associated.
# Must return only requests (not items).
for r in start_requests:
yield r
def spider_opened(self, spider):
spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)
# pipelines.py管道环节,可决定数据如何处理
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
from scrapy.exceptions import DropItem
import pymongo
#判断文本长度是否超过某一界限
class TextPipeline(object):
def __init__(self):
self.limit = 50
def process_item(self, item, spider):
if item['text']:
if len(item['text']) > self.limit:
item['text'] = item['text'][0:self.limit].rstrip() + '...'
return item
else:
return DropItem('Missing Text')
class MongoPipeline(object):
def __init__(self, mongo_url,mongo_db):
self.mongo_url = mongo_url
self.mongo_db = mongo_db
@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls,crawler):
return cls(
mongo_url = crawler.settings.get('MONGO_URL'),
mongo_db = crawler.settings.get('MONGO_DB')
)
# mongodb的初始化对象
def open_spider(self,spider):
self.client = pymongo.MongoClient(self.mongo_url)
self.db = self.client[self.mongo_db]
# 保存到mongodb
def process_item(self, item, spider):
name = item.__class__.__name__
self.db[name].insert(dict(item))
return item #千万要注意,这里不要忘了返回,否则就会显示None
def close_spider(self,spider):
self.client.close()
# 配置文件
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Scrapy settings for quotetutorial project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
# http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
# http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
BOT_NAME = 'quotetutorial'
SPIDER_MODULES = ['quotetutorial.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'quotetutorial.spiders'
MONGO_URL = 'localhost'
MONGO_DB = 'quotetutorial'
# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'quotetutorial (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'
# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True
# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False
# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False
# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
# 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
# 'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}
# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'quotetutorial.middlewares.QuotetutorialSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}
# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'quotetutorial.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}
# Enable or disable extensions
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
# 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}
# Configure item pipelines
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
# 'quotetutorial.pipelines.TextPipeline': 300,
'quotetutorial.pipelines.MongoPipeline': 400,
}
# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False
# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'
# 利用scrapy爬取quotes.toscrape.com网站
# 第一步,分析目标网站,确定数据结构,即要爬取的项目构成.去items里面设置对应项目
# 第二步,爬取首页信息,分析首页,提取项目items
# 第三步,首页抓取下一页信息,循环递归调用request请求,实现翻页爬取
# 第四步,修改settings,pipelines等,实现对items的修改,清洗,梳理以及存储